Asthma Control Program, Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services, Helena, Montana 59620-2951, USA.
Prev Chronic Dis. 2012;9:E09. Epub 2011 Dec 15.
Most US studies on asthma prevalence have been conducted in urban areas, and few have assessed the prevalence of asthma among residents of rural areas versus urban areas. The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of asthma among adults living in metropolitan versus nonmetropolitan counties in Montana.
We analyzed data from 6,846 adult Montanans who completed the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey in 2008. We used Rural-Urban Continuum Codes to categorize respondents' county of residence as metropolitan (Metro), nonmetropolitan and adjacent to a metropolitan county (NMA), and nonmetropolitan and nonadjacent to a metropolitan county (NMNA). We compared the prevalence of current self-reported asthma among respondents in the 3 areas, overall and by selected characteristics, and conducted multivariable logistic regression analyses to identify factors independently associated with current self-reported asthma.
No differences in the prevalence of self-reported asthma were found between residents of Metro and NMA or NMNA counties, overall or by age, sex, race, years of education, health insurance status, annual household income, or body mass index. Respondents aged 65 years or older (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5-0.9) and men (AOR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.5-0.8) were less likely to report current asthma than younger respondents and women, respectively. Obese respondents were more likely (AOR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.4-2.7) to report asthma than were respondents who were not obese. Metropolitan county of residence was not independently associated with self-reported current asthma.
The prevalence of self-reported current asthma is similar in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan counties in Montana, but other sociodemographic differences exist. Our findings highlight the need to conduct regional and state surveillance of asthma to understand the demographic risk factors associated with it and to determine the potential geographic variation of asthma prevalence in the United States.
大多数关于美国哮喘患病率的研究都是在城市地区进行的，很少有研究评估农村地区居民与城市地区居民的哮喘患病率。本研究的目的是比较在蒙大拿州居住在大都市区与非大都市区的成年人的哮喘患病率。
我们分析了 2008 年完成行为风险因素监测系统调查的 6846 名成年蒙大纳人的数据。我们使用城乡连续体代码将受访者的县居住情况归类为大都市（Metro）、非大都市且毗邻大都市县（NMA）和非大都市且不毗邻大都市县（NMNA）。我们比较了这 3 个地区受访者中当前自我报告哮喘的患病率，包括总体情况和按某些特征进行的比较，并进行多变量逻辑回归分析以确定与当前自我报告哮喘独立相关的因素。
大都市和非大都市且毗邻大都市县或非大都市且不毗邻大都市县的居民中，总体上或按年龄、性别、种族、受教育年限、医疗保险状况、家庭年收入或体重指数分类，自我报告哮喘的患病率没有差异。65 岁或以上的受访者（调整后的优势比 [AOR]，0.7；95%置信区间 [CI]，0.5-0.9）和男性（AOR，0.6；95%CI，0.5-0.8）报告当前哮喘的可能性分别低于年轻受访者和女性受访者。肥胖的受访者报告哮喘的可能性（AOR，1.9；95%CI，1.4-2.7）高于不肥胖的受访者。大都市县的居住地点与自我报告的当前哮喘无关。
蒙大拿州大都市和非大都市县的自我报告当前哮喘的患病率相似，但存在其他社会人口统计学差异。我们的研究结果强调需要进行区域性和州级哮喘监测，以了解与之相关的人口统计学风险因素，并确定美国哮喘患病率的潜在地理差异。
