Department of Child and Family Development and Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, 1095 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602-4527, USA.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012 Feb;80(1):17-28. doi: 10.1037/a0026592. Epub 2011 Dec 19.
This report addresses the long-term efficacy of the Adults in the Making (AIM) prevention program on deterring the escalation of alcohol use and development of substance use problems, particularly among rural African American emerging adults confronting high levels of contextual risk.
African American youths (M age, pretest = 17.7 years) were assigned randomly to the AIM (n = 174) or control (n = 173) group. Past 3-month alcohol use, past 6-month substance use problems, risk taking, and susceptibility cognitions were assessed at pretest and at 6.4, 16.6, and 27.5 months after pretest. Pretest assessments of parent-child conflict, affiliations with substance-using companions, and perceived racial discrimination were used to construct a contextual risk factor index.
A protective stabilizing hypothesis was supported; the long-term efficacy of AIM in preventing escalation of alcohol use and substance use problems was greater for youths with higher pretest contextual risk scores. Consistent with a mediation-moderation hypothesis, AIM-induced reductions over time in risk taking and susceptibility cognitions were responsible for the AIM × contextual risk prevention effects on alcohol use and substance use problems.
Training in developmentally appropriate protective parenting processes and self-regulatory skills during the transition from adolescence to emerging adulthood for rural African Americans may contribute to a self-sustaining decreased interest in alcohol use and a lower likelihood of developing substance use problems.
本报告探讨了成人发展（AIM）预防计划在阻止饮酒升级和发展物质使用问题方面的长期效果，特别是针对面临高水平情境风险的农村非裔美国青年。
非裔美国青年（M 年龄，前测=17.7 岁）被随机分配到 AIM（n=174）或对照组（n=173）。在前测和前测后 6.4、16.6 和 27.5 个月评估过去 3 个月的饮酒量、过去 6 个月的物质使用问题、冒险行为和易感性认知。利用父母与子女冲突、与使用物质的同伴的关系以及感知到的种族歧视等前测评估来构建情境风险因素指数。
支持保护稳定假说；AIM 在预防饮酒升级和物质使用问题方面的长期效果对于具有较高前测情境风险评分的年轻人更大。与中介调节假说一致，AIM 随时间减少的冒险行为和易感性认知是 AIM×情境风险对饮酒和物质使用问题的预防效果的原因。
为农村非裔美国人从青春期到成年早期的过渡阶段提供发展适当的保护型养育过程和自我调节技能的培训，可能有助于减少对酒精的兴趣和降低发展物质使用问题的可能性。
