Sabin Vaccine Institute and Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, and National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Vaccine. 2011 Dec 30;29 Suppl 4:D104-10. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.06.024. Epub 2011 Dec 19.
The high prevalence neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) exhibit a global disease burden that exceeds malaria, tuberculosis, and other better known global health conditions; they also represent a potent force in trapping the world's poorest people in poverty. Through extremely low cost national programs of disease mapping and mass drug administration (MDA) for the seven most common NTDs, integrated NTD control and elimination efforts are now in place in more than 14 countries through the support of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the British Department for International Development (DFID), and the Global Network for NTDs and its partners. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that in 2008 some 670 million people in 75 countries received NTD treatments through these and other sponsored programs. With continued successes the next decade could witness the global elimination of blinding trachoma, human Africa trypanosomiasis (HAT), lymphatic filariasis (LF), onchocerciasis, trachoma, and leprosy as public health problems, in addition to the eradication of dracunculiasis. For other high prevalence NTDs, including hookworm infection, schistosomiasis, Chagas disease and leishmaniasis, new drugs and vaccines may still be required. Increasingly it is recognized that the high prevalence NTDs exhibit extensive geographic overlap and polyparasitism is commonly found throughout the world's low income countries. Therefore, global elimination will also require integrated packages of drugs together with vaccine-linked chemotherapy. Ultimately, the global elimination of the high prevalence NTDs will require continued large-scale support from the U.S. Government and selected European governments, however, the emerging market economies, such as Brazil, China, India, Mexico, and Nigeria, and wealthy countries in the Middle East will also have to substantially contribute.
高流行度被忽视的热带病（NTDs）在全球疾病负担中表现突出，其程度超过疟疾、结核病和其他更为人知的全球健康问题；它们还代表着将世界上最贫困的人群困于贫困的强大力量。通过针对七种最常见的 NTD 进行极低成本的国家疾病绘图和大规模药物治疗（MDA）国家方案，在美援署（USAID）、英联邦发展署（DFID）和全球 NTD 网络及其合作伙伴的支持下，14 个以上国家已经开展了综合 NTD 控制和消除工作。世界卫生组织（WHO）估计，在 2008 年，有 6.7 亿人在 75 个国家通过这些方案和其他赞助方案接受了 NTD 治疗。如果继续取得成功，未来十年可能见证全球消除致盲性沙眼、非洲人类锥虫病（HAT）、淋巴丝虫病（LF）、盘尾丝虫病、沙眼和麻风病等公共卫生问题，此外还将根除麦地那龙线虫病。对于其他高流行度 NTDs，包括钩虫感染、血吸虫病、恰加斯病和利什曼病，可能仍需要新的药物和疫苗。人们越来越认识到，高流行度 NTDs 具有广泛的地理重叠，并且在全世界低收入国家中普遍存在多种寄生虫感染。因此，全球消除 NTDs 还需要将药物与疫苗相结合的综合方案。最终，全球消除高流行度 NTDs 需要美国政府和一些欧洲政府继续提供大规模支持，然而，新兴市场经济体，如巴西、中国、印度、墨西哥和尼日利亚，以及中东的富裕国家，也必须作出大量贡献。
