Centre de Recherche de Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, Arles 13200, France.
Infect Genet Evol. 2012 Mar;12(2):483-6. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.12.003. Epub 2011 Dec 17.
Wild birds, which are reservoirs of influenza viruses, are believed to be the original source of new influenza viruses-including highly pathogenic ones-that can be transmitted to domestic animals as well as humans and represent a potential epizootic and/or pandemic threat. Despite increasing knowledge on influenza A virus dynamics in wild birds, the viral circulation in wild boars remains largely unknown. This is of particular interest since pigs can be infected with both human and avian viruses; upon co-infection, they can act as a mixing vessel through reassortment, a mechanism that resulted in the emergence of the pandemic H1N1 virus in 2009. The Camargue (Southern France) appears as an ideal study area to investigate inter-species transmission of influenza A viruses from wild birds and possibly humans to wild boars. Indeed, the important local wild boar population shares wetland use with humans and the largest concentration of wintering ducks in France, that are both susceptible to infection by influenza A viruses. Additionally, wild boars occasionally prey on ducks. We conducted a virological and serological survey on wild boars in the Camargue (Southern France) between September 2009 and November 2010. No influenza A virus was detected in the collected nasal swabs (n=315) and no influenza specific antibodies were observed in the serological samples (n=20). As the study was mainly focused on viral excretion, which is limited in time, we cannot exclude that low or occasional influenza A virus circulation took place during the study period. Although, wild boars did not seem to be a key element in the dynamics of influenza A virus circulation in the Camargue, wild boar influenza A virus infections should be more widely studied to determine if the pattern observed here represents the normal situation or an exceptional one.
野生鸟类被认为是流感病毒的储存宿主，是包括高致病性病毒在内的新型流感病毒的原始来源，这些病毒可以传播给家畜以及人类，并构成潜在的动物流行病和/或大流行威胁。尽管人们对野生鸟类中甲型流感病毒的动态有了更多的了解，但野猪中的病毒循环仍知之甚少。这一点尤其重要，因为猪可以同时感染人类和禽类病毒；在合并感染的情况下，它们可能通过重配充当混合容器，这一机制导致了 2009 年大流行 H1N1 病毒的出现。卡马格（法国南部）似乎是一个理想的研究区域，可以研究从野生鸟类和可能的人类到野猪的甲型流感病毒的种间传播。事实上，当地数量庞大的野猪种群与人类共享湿地，并与法国最大的冬季鸭群共享湿地，这些鸭群都容易感染甲型流感病毒。此外，野猪偶尔也会捕食鸭子。我们在 2009 年 9 月至 2010 年 11 月期间对卡马格（法国南部）的野猪进行了病毒学和血清学调查。在收集的鼻拭子中未检测到甲型流感病毒（n=315），在血清样本中也未观察到流感特异性抗体（n=20）。由于该研究主要集中在病毒排泄上，而病毒排泄时间有限，因此我们不能排除在研究期间存在低水平或偶发性的甲型流感病毒循环。尽管野猪似乎不是卡马格甲型流感病毒循环动态中的关键因素，但应更广泛地研究野猪的甲型流感病毒感染情况，以确定这里观察到的模式是正常情况还是异常情况。
