Kirchleitner Daniel, Roth Matthias, Wassermann Helmut, Jocham Dieter
University of Luebeck, Department of Urology, Luebeck - Germany.
Int J Artif Organs. 2011 Dec;34(12):1147-54. doi: 10.5301/ijao.5000016.
The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate changes in the dimensions of human bladders in different body positions to determine the required deformability of an artificial urinary diversion system (AUDS). This entirely artificial organ is comparable in size to the maximum capacity of natural bladders and is a replacement for diseased bladders, such those damaged by cancer.
The full bladders (determined by the individual's perception) of 5 healthy adult volunteers were imaged using a fully opened magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device in different body positions: standing, maximum flexion, and seated. Dimensional changes were measured in four directions (ventral, dorsal, cranial and caudal) using a custom graphical method based on midsagittal images; the standing position was used as the reference position.
The maximum flexed position was compared to the reference position, and the largest change was found in the cranial extension of the bladders: 6±4.2 mm (mean±SD). The seated and reference positions were compared; the maximum change was in the cranial extension and was measured to be 18±2.8 mm.
The results indicate the requirement for a highly deformable artificial bladder in specific directions, such as the cranial and dorsal directions, which influences the positions of the technical components within the artificial organ. In a future development stage, artificial bladders will be designed using a computer-aided design system based on the results from this study and possibly a subsequent similar study.
本初步研究的目的是调查人体膀胱在不同体位下的尺寸变化，以确定人工尿液改流系统（AUDS）所需的可变形性。这种完全人工的器官在尺寸上与天然膀胱的最大容量相当，是用于替代患病膀胱的，如因癌症受损的膀胱。
使用完全开放的磁共振成像（MRI）设备，对5名健康成年志愿者的充盈膀胱（由个体感觉确定）在不同体位下进行成像：站立位、最大屈曲位和坐位。使用基于正中矢状面图像的定制图形方法，在四个方向（腹侧、背侧、头侧和尾侧）测量尺寸变化；以站立位作为参考位置。
将最大屈曲位与参考位置进行比较，发现膀胱头侧延伸的变化最大：6±4.2毫米（平均值±标准差）。将坐位与参考位置进行比较；最大变化在头侧延伸，测量值为18±2.8毫米。
结果表明在特定方向（如头侧和背侧方向）需要高度可变形的人工膀胱，这会影响人工器官内技术组件的位置。在未来的开发阶段，将根据本研究结果以及后续可能的类似研究，使用计算机辅助设计系统设计人工膀胱。
