Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Mar;54(6):826-31. doi: 10.1093/cid/cir940. Epub 2011 Dec 23.
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis are the etiologic agents of acute bacterial sinusitis (ABS). Staphylococcus aureus has been an uncommon cause of ABS despite its frequent occupancy within the anterior nares. A quantitative culture of a maxillary sinus aspirate is the gold standard for determining etiology of ABS. Cultures of the middle meatus cannot be used as a surrogate for a maxillary sinus aspirate in children with ABS, although they may be used in adults if interpretation is confined to usual sinus pathogens. Recent studies highlighting S. aureus as a major pathogen in ABS should be interpreted cautiously. Most isolates in recent pediatric studies were derived from cultures of the middle meatus. The range of reported results for the incidence of S. aureus as a cause of ABS in adults is similar to the results reported for staphylococcal colonization of the middle meatus in healthy adults.
肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌和卡他莫拉菌是急性细菌性鼻窦炎（ABS）的病原体。金黄色葡萄球菌尽管经常定植于前鼻孔，但它是 ABS 不常见的病因。上颌窦抽吸物的定量培养是确定 ABS 病因的金标准。尽管对于 ABS 成人，可以将中鼻道培养物用于替代上颌窦抽吸物，但中鼻道培养物不能作为儿童 ABS 的替代物，因为如果仅限于常见鼻窦病原体，那么解释也可以用中鼻道培养物。应该谨慎解读最近强调金黄色葡萄球菌是 ABS 主要病原体的研究。最近儿科研究中的大多数分离株来自中鼻道培养物。报道的金黄色葡萄球菌引起 ABS 的发生率结果范围与健康成人中鼻道定植的金黄色葡萄球菌结果相似。
