Department of Experimental Medicine, La Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2012 Jan 1;17(1):100-28. doi: 10.2741/3918.
This review attempts to summarize the findings made available by the literature on the mineralization of bone. The types of bone, their structures and compositions, the nature and organization of organic and inorganic matter, the organic-inorganic relationships, and the mineralization mechanism itself, are the main topics of the present review. As in other hard tissues, bone mineralization occurs in, and is conditioned by, the components of the organic matrix. Collagen fibrils have long been considered the factor that is able to induce the deposition of apatite crystallites through a process of heterogeneous nucleation. Interfibrillar non-collagenous proteins are now considered to be co-factors that permit crystallite deposition. The main components of these proteins are reviewed. It is hypothesized that two independent types of mineral are present in bone, one contained in the collagen fibrils and corresponding to the granular, electron-dense bands, and the other contained in the interfibrillar spaces and corresponding to needle- and filament-like crystals. The deposition mechanism of these mineral structures remains elusive. The formation of the crystallites through an epitaxial mechanism is discussed.
这篇综述试图总结文献中关于骨矿化的发现。本文的主要主题包括骨的类型、它们的结构和组成、有机和无机物质的性质和组织、有机-无机关系以及矿化机制本身。与其他硬组织一样，骨矿化发生在有机基质的成分中，并受其影响。胶原纤维一直被认为是通过异质成核过程诱导磷灰石晶体沉积的因素。现在认为纤维间非胶原蛋白是允许晶体沉积的协同因子。本文综述了这些蛋白质的主要成分。有人假设，骨中存在两种独立类型的矿物质，一种存在于胶原纤维中，对应于颗粒状、电子致密带，另一种存在于纤维间空间中，对应于针状和丝状晶体。这些矿物质结构的沉积机制仍然难以捉摸。通过外延机制形成晶体的过程也进行了讨论。
