Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2012 Jan 1;17(3):824-46. doi: 10.2741/3959.
The steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme and specific 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta5-delta4 isomerases initiate the essential process of steroidogenesis in the gonads. Testicular and ovarian expression of their respective genes, STARD1, CYP11A1 and gonadal HSD3B, is primarily controlled by gonadotropins with contributions by various growth factors. Gonadotropins through their receptors switch on cyclic AMP signaling pathways that recruit NR5A, GATA and often CREB, NR4A, or Sp1 transcription factors to regulatory regions of each gene's promoter to elicit transcription. The specific combination of transcription factors involved depends on the cellular context. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the factors that control transactivation of the STARD1, CYP11A1 and gonadal HSD3B genes in Leydig cells in the testis and the theca, differentiating granulosa and luteal cells in the ovary.
类固醇生成急性调节蛋白、细胞色素 P450 胆固醇侧链裂解酶和特异性 3β-羟甾类脱氢酶/Δ5-Δ4 异构酶启动了性腺中类固醇生成的基本过程。睾丸和卵巢中各自基因 STARD1、CYP11A1 和性腺 HSD3B 的表达主要受促性腺激素控制，多种生长因子也有贡献。促性腺激素通过其受体开启 cAMP 信号通路，募集 NR5A、GATA，通常还有 CREB、NR4A 或 Sp1 转录因子到每个基因启动子的调节区域，引发转录。所涉及的特定转录因子组合取决于细胞环境。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前对控制睾丸间质细胞和卵巢的卵泡膜细胞、分化的颗粒细胞和黄体细胞中 STARD1、CYP11A1 和性腺 HSD3B 基因转录激活的因素的理解。
