Catteau C, Trentesaux T, Delfosse C, Rousset M-M
Département santé publique, faculté de chirurgie dentaire, université Lille-2, place de Verdun, 59000 Lille, France.
Arch Pediatr. 2012 Feb;19(2):118-24. doi: 10.1016/j.arcped.2011.11.011. Epub 2011 Dec 27.
The French dietary guidelines published in 2001 recommend daily consumption of 5 portions of fruit or vegetable. Despite this advice, the consumption of fruit in France, especially in the north of France, is low, whereas sale of 100% fruit juices, fruit drinks, and fruit-flavored beverages is increasing. The impact of contemporary changes in beverage patterns on dental caries has received less attention than the impact on childhood obesity. Nevertheless, the cariogenic potential of soft drinks is known. Drinking fruit juices, fruit drinks, or fruit-flavored beverages over a long period of time and continuous sipping could therefore be harmful for the teeth. The aim of this study was to examine the sugar content of such beverages.
Four different major supermarkets were visited to select a representative sample of beverages for sale. Fruit juices, nectars, fruit drinks (water and fruit juices) and fruit-flavored waters were included. Lemonades, teas, and drinks containing artificial sweetener were not included. The data were collected in April 2010 by reading nutrition labels. The variables studied were the sugar content (g/100mL), the presence of added sugar, and the percentage of fruit juices. A descriptive analysis of the variables studied was conducted. The mean sugar content of the French population's favorite juices (orange, grapefruit, pineapple, apple, and grape) was compared to the sugar content of a corresponding 100-g portion of fresh fruit. The data were processed using Microsoft Excel.
Hundred and eighty-seven different beverages were analyzed: 89 fruit juices, 26 nectars, 51 fruit drinks (sparkling or flat), and 21 fruit-flavored waters. Unlike fruit-flavored waters, nectars and fruit drinks contained fruit juices. Nectars and fruit drinks contained an average of 44.5% (± 10.7%) and 10.5% (± 3.8%) fruit juice, respectively. The sugar content varied from 0 g/100mL to 17.5 g/100mL. The average sugar content was 2.4 (± 2.1) g/100mL, 8.8 (± 2.3) g/100mL, 10.7 (± 1.9) g/100mL, and 10.8 (± 1) g/100mL for fruit-flavored waters, fruit drinks, fruit juices, and nectars, respectively. High sugar content was reported for grape juice, with an average of 15.6 (± 1.9) g/100mL. Nectars, fruit drinks, and 71.4% of fruit-flavored waters contained added sugar.
These beverages are rich in sugar and labels should better inform consumers on the sugar content. Dental caries is a chronic disease of childhood, which has common risk factors with obesity. General practitioners, dieticians, and dentists must work together to provide preventive guidance: fruit juice intake has to be limited and other beverages restricted to occasional use; fruit juice may contribute to only one portion of the recommended five a day.
2001年发布的法国饮食指南建议每日食用5份水果或蔬菜。尽管有此建议，但法国水果的消费量较低，尤其是在法国北部，而100%果汁、水果饮料和果味饮料的销量却在增加。当代饮料模式的变化对龋齿的影响比其对儿童肥胖的影响受到的关注更少。然而，软饮料的致龋潜力是已知的。因此，长期饮用果汁、水果饮料或果味饮料并持续小口啜饮可能对牙齿有害。本研究的目的是检测此类饮料的含糖量。
走访了四家不同的大型超市，挑选出具有代表性的在售饮料样本。包括果汁、果浆、水果饮料（水和果汁）以及果味水。不包括柠檬水、茶和含人工甜味剂的饮料。2010年4月通过读取营养标签收集数据。研究的变量包括含糖量（克/100毫升）、添加糖的存在情况以及果汁的百分比。对所研究的变量进行了描述性分析。将法国人最喜欢的果汁（橙汁、葡萄柚汁、菠萝汁、苹果汁和葡萄汁）的平均含糖量与相应100克新鲜水果的含糖量进行了比较。数据使用微软Excel进行处理。
分析了187种不同的饮料：89种果汁、26种果浆、51种水果饮料（气泡或无气泡）和21种果味水。与果味水不同，果浆和水果饮料含有果汁。果浆和水果饮料分别平均含有44.5%（±10.7%）和10.5%（±3.8%）的果汁。含糖量从0克/100毫升到17.5克/100毫升不等。果味水、水果饮料、果汁和果浆的平均含糖量分别为2.4（±2.1）克/100毫升、8.8（±2.3）克/100毫升、10.7（±1.9）克/100毫升和10.8（±1）克/100毫升。葡萄汁的含糖量较高，平均为15.6（±1.9）克/100毫升。果浆、水果饮料和71.4%的果味水中含有添加糖。
这些饮料富含糖分，标签应更好地告知消费者含糖量。龋齿是一种儿童慢性疾病，与肥胖有共同的风险因素。全科医生、营养师和牙医必须共同努力提供预防指导：必须限制果汁的摄入量，其他饮料应限制偶尔饮用；果汁可能仅占建议的每日五份中的一份。
