Air Health Effects Research Section, Population Studies Division, Environmental Health Science & Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Columbine Driveway, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0K9.
Environ Int. 2012 Feb;39(1):128-32. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2011.10.006. Epub 2011 Nov 18.
Several studies have found that living near major roadways is associated with an increase in respiratory illness but few studies have measured the volume and type of traffic.
We investigated the relation between traffic volume and respiratory health of 2328 children 9 to 11 years old in the city of Windsor, Canada.
We identified the roadways within a 200 meter radius of the child's neighborhood using the latitude and longitude of the residential postal code. Traffic exposure was defined as the sum of the annual volume of vehicles on all of these roadways. Volume was calculated using sensors to detect passing vehicles (simple traffic counts), and by counts and direction of traffic at intersections (turning movement counts). Ventilatory lung function was measured by spirometry and airway inflammation by exhaled nitric oxide (eNO).
The odds ratio between an interquartile increase in truck turning movement counts and chest congestion was 1.20 (1.06-1.35). The percentage of predicted FVC declined 0.68%, (95% CI 1.32, 0.03) for an interquartile increase in simple traffic counts (33,787 vehicles daily). Among those with self-reported asthma, effect sizes were larger. Percentage predicted FEV(1) declined 1.84% (95% CI 0.07, 3.61) associated with an interquartile range increase in turning movement counts. No statistically significant change was detected between traffic measures and exhaled nitric oxide.
Our findings provide further support for the hypothesis that neighborhood exposure to traffic-related air pollution increases respiratory symptoms and reduces ventilatory function in children, especially those with self-reported asthma.
多项研究发现，居住在主要道路附近与呼吸道疾病的发病率增加有关，但很少有研究测量交通量和交通类型。
我们调查了加拿大温莎市 2328 名 9 至 11 岁儿童的交通量与呼吸道健康之间的关系。
我们使用居住邮政编码的经纬度来确定儿童所在社区 200 米半径范围内的道路。交通暴露定义为所有这些道路上的年车辆量之和。使用传感器来检测过往车辆（简单交通计数）和交叉口的交通计数和方向（转向交通计数）来计算交通量。通过肺活量测定法测量通气肺功能，通过呼气一氧化氮（eNO）测量气道炎症。
卡车转向交通计数每增加一个四分位间距，胸部充血的比值比为 1.20（1.06-1.35）。与简单交通计数增加一个四分位间距（每日 33787 辆）相关的 FVC 预计百分比下降了 0.68%（95%CI 1.32，0.03）。在有自我报告哮喘的患者中，效应大小更大。与转向交通计数增加一个四分位间距相关，FEV1 预计百分比下降 1.84%（95%CI 0.07，3.61）。在交通量和呼气一氧化氮之间没有检测到统计学上显著的变化。
我们的研究结果进一步支持了这样的假设，即与交通相关的空气污染对周围环境的暴露会增加儿童的呼吸道症状，并降低他们的通气功能，尤其是那些有自我报告哮喘的儿童。
