Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Alice Hamilton Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA.
J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2012 Jan;13(1):85.e17-23. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2011.02.008. Epub 2011 Mar 30.
To estimate influenza vaccination coverage among nursing assistants (NAs) working in US nursing homes, and to identify demographic and occupational predictors of vaccination status among NAs.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional analysis of data on 2873 NAs from the 2004 National Nursing Assistant Survey. Multivariable-adjusted vaccination coverage (prevalence) ratios for demographic and occupational characteristics were calculated using Poisson regression.
Outcome variable was NAs' influenza vaccination status, yes or no, based on the question, "During the past 12 months, did you receive a flu shot?"
Coverage for all NAs working in US nursing homes was estimated to be 37.1%. NAs 45 or older were more likely to be vaccinated than younger NAs (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-1.41). Significant negative associations with vaccination status were found for NAs who were non-Hispanic blacks (PR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70-0.97), disagreed that they were respected/rewarded for their work (PR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.71-1.00), worked at for-profit facilities (PR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.72-0.95), and reported receiving fewer than 7 of 15 nonwage job benefits (PR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.67-0.90).
Influenza coverage among nursing home NAs appears to be similar to nationally reported coverage estimates among health care providers in the United States in general. In addition to individual characteristics, occupational characteristics reflective of working conditions are associated with vaccination status among NAs, suggesting that further research into these types of associations may be useful in identifying which institutions may benefit from outreach efforts and types of interventions to increase vaccination coverage.
评估美国养老院护工的流感疫苗接种率，并确定影响护工疫苗接种状况的人口统计学和职业因素。
设计、地点和参与者：横断面分析 2004 年全国护工调查中 2873 名护工的数据。使用泊松回归计算人口统计学和职业特征的多变量调整后疫苗接种率（流行率）比。
因变量为护工的流感疫苗接种状况，回答“在过去 12 个月中，您是否接种了流感疫苗？”根据这一问题，将其归类为“是”或“否”。
估计全美养老院护工的总接种率为 37.1%。45 岁及以上的护工比年轻护工更有可能接种疫苗（流行率比 [PR] = 1.23，95%置信区间 [CI]：1.07-1.41）。与接种状况呈显著负相关的因素包括：非西班牙裔黑人（PR = 0.82，95% CI：0.70-0.97）、对工作不尊重/无回报感（PR = 0.85，95% CI：0.71-1.00）、在营利性机构工作（PR = 0.83，95% CI：0.72-0.95）和报告获得的非工资福利少于 15 项中的 7 项（PR = 0.77，95% CI：0.67-0.90）。
养老院护工的流感疫苗接种率似乎与美国一般医疗保健提供者的全国报告接种率相似。除了个人特征外，反映工作条件的职业特征也与护工的疫苗接种状况相关，这表明进一步研究这些类型的关联可能有助于确定哪些机构可能受益于外联工作和增加疫苗接种率的干预类型。
