Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
Cell Microbiol. 2012 Apr;14(4):460-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2011.01746.x. Epub 2012 Feb 8.
Streptococcus pneumoniae is both a frequent colonizer of the upper respiratory tract and a leading cause of life-threatening infections such as pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis. The innate immune system is critical for the control of colonization and for defence during invasive disease. Initially, pneumococci are recognized by different sensors of the innate immune system called pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which control most subsequent host defence pathways. These PRRs include the transmembrane Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as well as the cytosolic NOD-like receptors (NLRs) and DNA sensors. Recognition of S. pneumoniae by members of these PRR families regulates the production of inflammatory mediators that orchestrate the following immune response of infected as well as neighbouring non-infected cells, stimulates the recruitment of immune cells such as neutrophils and macrophages, and shapes the adaptive immunity. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the function of different PRRs in S. pneumoniae infection.
肺炎链球菌既是上呼吸道的常见定植菌，也是导致肺炎、脑膜炎和败血症等危及生命的感染的主要原因。先天免疫系统对于控制定植和侵袭性疾病期间的防御至关重要。最初，肺炎链球菌被称为模式识别受体（PRRs）的先天免疫系统的不同传感器识别，这些传感器控制大多数后续的宿主防御途径。这些 PRRs 包括跨膜 Toll 样受体（TLRs）以及胞质 NOD 样受体（NLRs）和 DNA 传感器。这些 PRR 家族成员对肺炎链球菌的识别调节了炎症介质的产生，这些炎症介质协调受感染和相邻未感染细胞的后续免疫反应，刺激免疫细胞（如中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞）的募集，并塑造适应性免疫。这篇综述总结了不同 PRR 在肺炎链球菌感染中的功能的最新知识。
