Prenatal exposure to anti-epileptic drugs: the need for preconception counselling.

There is accumulating evidence that prenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) poses an increased risk to the fetus. There is robust evidence surrounding the incidence of major congenital malformations following exposure to some commonly prescribed AEDs, and growing evidence that prenatal exposure to certain AEDs is also associated with a reduction in cognitive functioning and an increase in neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood. This article discusses some of the findings in regards to pregnancy outcome after exposure to AEDs, the possible implications for the child and, given recent findings, the need for preconception counselling for women with epilepsy of childbearing potential.