Buels Kalmia S, Fryer Allison D
Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, UHN67, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2012(208):317-41. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-23274-9_14.
In healthy lungs, muscarinic receptors control smooth muscle tone, mucus secretion, vasodilation, and inflammation. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, cholinergic mechanisms contribute to increased bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion that limit airflow. This chapter reviews neuronal and nonneuronal sources of acetylcholine in the lung and the expression and role of M₁, M₂, and M₃ muscarinic receptor subtypes in lung physiology. It also discusses the evidence for and against the role of parasympathetic nerves in asthma, and the current use and therapeutic potential of muscarinic receptor antagonists in COPD and asthma.
在健康的肺中，毒蕈碱受体控制平滑肌张力、黏液分泌、血管舒张和炎症。在慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）和哮喘中，胆碱能机制导致支气管收缩增强和黏液分泌增加，从而限制气流。本章回顾了肺中乙酰胆碱的神经元和非神经元来源，以及M₁、M₂和M₃毒蕈碱受体亚型在肺生理学中的表达和作用。它还讨论了支持和反对副交感神经在哮喘中作用的证据，以及毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂在COPD和哮喘中的当前应用和治疗潜力。
