未使用生物制剂的稳定型静息性哮喘:单吸入器三联疗法治疗伴有小气道功能障碍的重度哮喘的一年结局

Steady Quiet Asthma Without Biologics: One-Year Outcomes of Single-Inhaler Triple Therapy for Severe Asthma with Small Airway Dysfunction.

作者信息

Quaranta Vitaliano Nicola, Montagnolo Francesca, Portacci Andrea, Dragonieri Silvano, Granito Maria, Rociola Gennaro, Ferrulli Santina, Maselli Leonardo, Carpagnano Giovanna Elisiana

机构信息

Respiratory Diseases, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy.

出版信息

J Clin Med. 2025 Aug 7;14(15):5602. doi: 10.3390/jcm14155602.

Abstract

Small airway dysfunction (SAD) plays a critical role in the management of severe asthma, particularly in patients at risk of requiring biological therapies (BTs). Short-term studies have shown that switching to single-inhaler triple therapy (SITT) with extrafine beclomethasone-formoterol-glycopyrronium improves outcomes and helps achieve quiet asthma, a state marked by symptom control, no exacerbations or oral steroids, reduced inflammation, and better small airway function. This study investigated whether, over one year, patients could maintain this state as Steady Quiet Asthma (SQA) and whether baseline measures could predict this sustained response. Twenty-six patients with severe asthma and SAD were transitioned from open triple-inhaler therapy to a closed, single-inhaler triple therapy containing extrafine beclomethasone-formoterol-glycopyrronium. Assessments at baseline (T0) and at one-year follow-up (T12) included clinical evaluations, spirometry, and impulse oscillometry, with a focus on Fres as a predictor for the need for BT. When prescribed, biologic therapies included mepolizumab, benralizumab, and dupilumab. Of the 26 patients, 9 (34.6%) achieved SQA and did not require biologic therapy at the one-year follow-up, while 17 patients (65.4%) initiated biologic treatment. At T0, patients who required biologics had significantly higher median Fres (21 (19.47; 24.58) vs. 17.61 (15.82; 20.63); = 0.049) compared to those who remained biologic-free. They also exhibited higher residual volume to total lung capacity ratio (%RV/TLC) values and lower forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity ratios (FEV/FVC). At T12, patients spared from BT showed significant reductions in Fres ( = 0.014) and improvements in small airway function (difference in airway resistance between 5 Hz and 20 Hz (R5-20), forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC (%FEF25-75), and better asthma control (ACT). In contrast, patients on BT demonstrated less favorable changes in these parameters. Baseline Fres, FEV1/FVC ratio, and %FEV25-75 are valuable predictors of achieving Steady Quiet Asthma (SQA) and sparing biologic therapy. These findings support the use of SITT in severe asthma and highlight the importance of early functional assessments to guide personalized management.

摘要

小气道功能障碍(SAD)在重度哮喘的管理中起着关键作用,尤其是在有需要生物疗法(BTs)风险的患者中。短期研究表明,改用含有超细布地奈德-福莫特罗-格隆溴铵的单吸入器三联疗法(SITT)可改善预后,并有助于实现安静哮喘状态,该状态的特征为症状得到控制、无急性加重或口服类固醇药物、炎症减轻以及小气道功能改善。本研究调查了在一年时间里,患者是否能够维持这种稳定安静哮喘(SQA)状态,以及基线指标是否能够预测这种持续反应。26例患有重度哮喘和SAD的患者从开放三联吸入器疗法转换为含有超细布地奈德-福莫特罗-格隆溴铵的封闭式单吸入器三联疗法。在基线(T0)和一年随访(T12)时的评估包括临床评估、肺功能测定和脉冲振荡法,重点关注Fres作为预测是否需要BT的指标。当开具生物疗法处方时,包括美泊利单抗、贝那利珠单抗和度普利尤单抗。26例患者中,9例(34.6%)在一年随访时达到SQA且不需要生物疗法,而17例患者(65.4%)开始接受生物治疗。在T0时,与那些无需生物疗法的患者相比,需要生物疗法的患者的Fres中位数显著更高(21(19.47;24.58)对17.61(15.82;20.63);P = 0.049)。他们还表现出更高的残气量与肺总量比值(%RV/TLC)以及更低的一秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量比值(FEV₁/FVC)。在T12时,未接受BT的患者Fres显著降低(P = 0.014),小气道功能改善(5赫兹和20赫兹之间的气道阻力差值(R5 - 20)、FVC的25%至75%之间的用力呼气流量(%FEF25 - 75)),哮喘控制情况更好(ACT)。相比之下,接受BT的患者在这些参数上的变化不太理想。基线Fres、FEV₁/FVC比值和%FEF25 - 75是实现稳定安静哮喘(SQA)和避免生物疗法的有价值预测指标。这些发现支持在重度哮喘中使用SITT,并强调早期功能评估对指导个性化管理的重要性。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a9bd/12347889/f26c8932c687/jcm-14-05602-g001.jpg

文献AI研究员

20分钟写一篇综述,助力文献阅读效率提升50倍

立即体验

用中文搜PubMed

大模型驱动的PubMed中文搜索引擎

马上搜索