Bontje Peter, Asaba Eric, Tamura Yumi, Josephsson Staffan
Division of Occupational Therapy, Karolinska Institute, Fack 23 200, SE-141-23, Huddinge, Sweden.
Occup Ther Int. 2012 Jun;19(2):98-107. doi: 10.1002/oti.329. Epub 2011 Dec 30.
Throughout Japan, occupational therapy for older adults is available in an increasing array of institutional and community settings. However, there is a need for more knowledge of "how" older adults resume their daily lives particularly in the community. The aim of this qualitative research was to identify and describe how some older adults in Japan describe their experiences of resuming daily life during hospitalization and after returning home. Nine older adults with various physical impairments were interviewed. The open interviews were conducted 10 months to 5 years from the onset of their physical impairment. Data analysis on the basis of a constant comparative methodology resulted in three themes that characterize their experiences of resuming daily life: "doing the right thing", "reconciling to dependence" and "becoming invigorated". These themes may inform occupational therapists to take into consideration older clients' perspectives when assisting them to recapture the quality of their daily life according to their preferences. Adaptive change is promoted by assisting older clients to generate the energy they need by judiciously varying approaches appropriate to their goals and by helping older clients to make decisions that are "right" for them, which may fluctuate during processes of resuming daily life. Limitations of this study are found in the small sample size, and additional research may help to clarify how moral aspects, vigour (physical and mental energy/force) and other dimensions shape processes of resuming daily life as well as the influences of time.
在日本各地，越来越多的机构和社区环境为老年人提供职业疗法。然而，对于老年人特别是在社区中“如何”恢复日常生活，仍需要更多了解。这项定性研究的目的是识别和描述一些日本老年人如何描述他们在住院期间以及回家后恢复日常生活的经历。对九名有各种身体损伤的老年人进行了访谈。开放式访谈在他们身体损伤开始后的10个月至5年进行。基于持续比较方法的数据分析得出了三个主题，这些主题表征了他们恢复日常生活的经历：“做正确的事”、“接受依赖”和“恢复活力”。这些主题可能会促使职业治疗师在根据老年客户的偏好协助他们重新获得日常生活质量时，考虑老年客户的观点。通过帮助老年客户通过明智地采用适合其目标的不同方法来产生他们所需的能量，并帮助老年客户做出对他们“正确”的决定（这些决定在恢复日常生活的过程中可能会有所波动），来促进适应性改变。本研究的局限性在于样本量小，进一步的研究可能有助于阐明道德层面、活力（身心能量/力量）和其他维度如何塑造恢复日常生活的过程以及时间的影响。
