CTF - Centro de Tecnologías Físicas, Universitat Politècnica de València, c/Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2011 Dec;130(6):3754-60. doi: 10.1121/1.3655884.
Patients and staff in hospitals are exposed to a complex sound environment with rather high noise levels. In intensive care units, the main noise sources are hospital staff on duty and medical equipment, which generates both operating noise and acoustic alarms. Although noise in most cases is produced during activities for the purpose of saving life, noise can induce significant changes in the depth and quality of sleep and negatively affect health in general. Results of a survey of hospital staff are presented, as well as measurements in two German hospital wards: a standard two-bed room and a special intermediate care unit (IMC-Unit), each in a different intensive care unit (ICU). Sound pressure data were collected over a 48 hour period and converted into different levels (L(AFeq), L(AFmax) L(AFmin), L(AF 5%)), as well as a rating level L(Ar), which is used to take tonality and impulsiveness into account. An analysis of the survey and the measured data, together with a comparison of thresholds of national and international regulations and standards describe the acoustic situation and its likely noise effects on staff and patients.
医院中的患者和工作人员会置身于一个复杂的声音环境中，这里的噪声水平相当高。在重症监护病房中，主要的噪声源是值班的医护人员和医疗设备，它们会产生运行噪声和声响警报。尽管在大多数情况下，噪声是为了拯救生命而产生的，但它会导致睡眠的深度和质量发生显著变化，并对整体健康产生负面影响。本文呈现了对医院工作人员的调查结果，以及对德国两家医院病房的测量结果：重症监护病房中的一间标准双床房和一间特殊中级护理病房（IMC 病房）。在 48 小时的时间内收集了声压数据，并将其转换为不同的水平（L(AFeq)、L(AFmax)、L(AFmin)、L(AF5%)），以及用于考虑音调和谐波的声级 L(Ar)。对调查和测量数据的分析，以及对国家和国际法规和标准的阈值进行比较，描述了声学环境及其对工作人员和患者的可能噪声影响。
