Department of Biotechnology and Christian Doppler Laboratory of Receptor Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
Maturitas. 2012 Mar;71(3):227-39. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.12.009. Epub 2012 Jan 9.
Obesity and metabolic syndrome are increasing global health problems. In addition to the malnutrition of a sedentary lifestyle, high calorie intake leads to obesity with many negative health consequences. Macrophages infiltrate adipose tissue and induce chronic inflammation by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines, including COX-2 and iNOS, among other mediators of inflammation. Free fatty acids mediate adipose tissue signalling through toll-like receptor 4 and the expression of these pro-inflammatory mediators via NF-κB or JNK. PPAR γ activators can inhibit the activation of NF-κB, down-regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here we provide an overview of how different culinary herbs and spices exert anti-inflammatory activities and the extent to which they activate PPAR α and PPAR γ, inhibit the activation of NF-κB, and enhance expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Spices can play essential roles as anti-inflammatory agents in our diet, acting as pan PPAR activators and improving insulin sensitivity, counteracting dyslipidaemia and weight gain. The effects of chronic inflammation caused by obesity are counteracted and, consequently, the progression of diseases associated with chronic inflammation slowed.
肥胖和代谢综合征是日益严重的全球健康问题。除了久坐不动的生活方式导致的营养不良外，高热量的摄入也会导致肥胖，并带来许多负面的健康后果。巨噬细胞浸润脂肪组织，并通过分泌促炎细胞因子（包括 COX-2 和 iNOS 等炎症介质）引起慢性炎症。游离脂肪酸通过 Toll 样受体 4 介导脂肪组织信号转导，并通过 NF-κB 或 JNK 表达这些促炎介质。PPARγ 激活剂可以抑制 NF-κB 的激活，下调促炎细胞因子的表达。本文概述了不同的烹饪香草和香料如何发挥抗炎作用，以及它们在多大程度上激活 PPARα 和 PPARγ、抑制 NF-κB 的激活、增强抗炎细胞因子的表达。香料可以作为我们饮食中的抗炎剂发挥重要作用，作为泛 PPAR 激活剂，改善胰岛素敏感性，对抗血脂异常和体重增加。肥胖引起的慢性炎症的影响被抵消，因此与慢性炎症相关的疾病的进展速度减慢。
