Howland Robert H
University of Pittsburgh School Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2012 Jan;50(1):16-8. doi: 10.3928/02793695-20111213-05. Epub 2011 Dec 29.
Acute agitation in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder is an important clinical management problem. Liquid concentrates, orally disintegrating tablets, and/or intramuscular formulations of several second-generation atypical antipsychotic drugs are available for treating acute agitation. Loxapine is an older first-generation antipsychotic drug that is approved for the treatment of schizophrenia. Staccato(®) loxapine is an investigational device system using a loxapine-coated heat source to administer loxapine by inhalation. Three multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy and safety studies of Staccato loxapine have been conducted in patients with acute agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. These studies found that inhaled loxapine was rapidly effective and generally well tolerated, although there are potential concerns about adverse pulmonary effects.
精神分裂症或双相情感障碍患者的急性激越状态是一个重要的临床管理问题。有几种第二代非典型抗精神病药物的液体制剂、口腔崩解片和/或肌内注射制剂可用于治疗急性激越状态。洛沙平是一种较老的第一代抗精神病药物，已被批准用于治疗精神分裂症。速释（®）洛沙平是一种研究性装置系统，使用涂有洛沙平的热源通过吸入方式给药。针对与精神分裂症或双相情感障碍相关的急性激越状态患者，已经开展了三项关于速释洛沙平的多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的疗效和安全性研究。这些研究发现，吸入洛沙平起效迅速且总体耐受性良好，尽管存在肺部不良反应的潜在担忧。
