Simons-Morton B G, Baranowski T, Parcel G S, O'Hara N M, Matteson R C
Center for Health Promotion Research and Development, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston.
Am J Prev Med. 1990 Jul-Aug;6(4):218-27.
We administered a food frequency instrument to third-fifth grade students (n = 943) in four Texas schools. Comparison of foods reported on the food frequency questionnaire and on 24-hour dietary recalls (n = 7) produced a percent agreement of 83.3. The most frequent 25 foods accounted for 64.0% of food choices across all meals, 93.5% of breakfast choices, 76.4% of lunch choices, 70.5% of supper choices, and 76.0% of snack choices. Breads, milk, hamburger or steak, soda pop, tomato sauce or tomatoes, and cheese were the most frequently consumed foods. Fruits and juices accounted for 6.1% of total selections for boys and 6.6% for girls, while vegetables accounted for 15.7% of total selections for boys and 16.2% for girls. Fruit was more likely to be consumed for snacks than for meals, and vegetables were consumed in about the same frequency at lunch and supper and for snacks. We analyzed the total fat, saturated fat, and sodium content of the most frequently consumed foods. Seventeen of the top 25 foods for the total day and 13-16 for each meal or snack exceeded by at least 50% the recommended levels for fat, saturated fat, or sodium. The pattern of consumption was one of frequent consumption of a relatively small number of foods, many of which are high in fat or sodium.
我们对得克萨斯州四所学校三至五年级的943名学生进行了食物频率调查。比较食物频率问卷和24小时饮食回顾（n = 7）报告的食物，得出的一致率为83.3%。最常食用的25种食物占所有餐食食物选择的64.0%，早餐选择的93.5%，午餐选择的76.4%，晚餐选择的70.5%，零食选择的76.0%。面包、牛奶、汉堡或牛排、汽水、番茄酱或番茄以及奶酪是最常食用的食物。水果和果汁占男孩总选择量的6.1%，女孩的6.6%，而蔬菜占男孩总选择量的15.7%，女孩的16.2%。水果作为零食食用的可能性大于正餐，蔬菜在午餐、晚餐和零食中的食用频率大致相同。我们分析了最常食用食物的总脂肪、饱和脂肪和钠含量。全天最常食用的25种食物中有17种，每餐或零食中有13 - 16种的脂肪、饱和脂肪或钠含量至少超出推荐水平50%。消费模式是经常食用相对少量的食物，其中许多食物脂肪或钠含量高。
