Unit of Pediatric Diabetes, Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2012 Mar;66(3):314-21. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.206. Epub 2012 Jan 11.
Skipping breakfast influences cognitive performance. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between the variation of hormonal and metabolic postprandial parameters induced by breakfast consumption or fasting and cognitive performance in obese children.
Cross-sectional study for repeated measures. Memory and attention assessment tests, hormones and nutrient oxidation were measured before and after consuming breakfast vs fasting in 10 prepubertal obese children.
Fasting induced a significant (P<0.05) increase of the Overall Index of the Continuous Performance Test II (a global index of inattention) and the Test of Memory and Learning Word Selective Reminding (a test of verbal memory), whereas no changes were found after breakfast. Fasting was associated with a reduction of insulin and an increase in glucagon, with no changes in glucose. The increase in inattention was associated with a reduction of carbohydrate oxidation (ρ=-0.66, P<0.05). We found no difference in the area under the curve of peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1 after breakfast or fasting, whereas Ghrelin was significantly lower. No association between postprandial hormone variation and cognitive performance was found.
Attention and visual memory performance in the morning were reduced when the children skipped breakfast. No association was found with hormones or metabolic changes, but we did find an association with a reduction of carbohydrate oxidation. Nevertheless, these preliminary findings need confirmation in larger sample size.
不吃早餐会影响认知表现。本研究的目的是调查肥胖儿童早餐摄入或禁食后餐后激素和代谢参数变化与认知表现之间的关系。
这是一项交叉研究，对重复测量进行了分析。在 10 名青春期前肥胖儿童中，分别在早餐后和禁食后测量记忆和注意力评估测试、激素和营养氧化。
禁食会显著（P<0.05）增加连续执行测试 II 的整体指数（注意力不集中的综合指数）和记忆与学习单词选择提醒测试（测试语言记忆），而早餐后则没有变化。禁食与胰岛素减少和胰高血糖素增加有关，而葡萄糖没有变化。注意力不集中的增加与碳水化合物氧化减少有关（ρ=-0.66，P<0.05）。我们发现早餐或禁食后肽 YY 和胰高血糖素样肽-1 的曲线下面积没有差异，而 Ghrelin 显著降低。我们没有发现餐后激素变化与认知表现之间存在关联。
当儿童不吃早餐时，早上的注意力和视觉记忆表现会下降。我们没有发现与激素或代谢变化有关，但我们确实发现与碳水化合物氧化减少有关。然而，这些初步发现需要在更大的样本量中得到证实。
