[2-Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex and its multipoint control].

Enzymes control the course of biochemical reactions. The enzymes involved in bioenergetic processes play most important role in cell metabolism. One of them is 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHC), the key regulatory enzyme of Krebs cycle. Krebs cycle integrates basic metabolic pathways of carbohydrates, fatty acids and amino acids during catabolic as well as anabolic reactions. Due to the key position of OGDHC in mitochondrial metabolism, its activity is controlled by many factors. Allosteric regulation by positive effectors (ADP, Pi, Ca2+, Mn2+) of the complex is very important. These effectors strongly enhances affinity of the first component of OGDHC to 2-oxoglutarate. Moreover there are negative effectors (ATP, NADH, succinyl-CoA) which affect all three enzymes of the complex. Regulation of biosynthesis of individual components of the complex by activation or inactivation of genes expression is very important for proper OGDHC activity too. Activity of OGDHC also depends on posttranslational modifications of its components. All of this control processes maintain OGDHC activity on adequate level and prevent the complex against its excessive action.