Kool Bridget, Chelimo Carol, Robinson Elizabeth, Ameratunga Shanthi
Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
N Z Med J. 2011 Dec 16;124(1347):16-26.
New Zealand lacks a comprehensive national profile of home injuries, this information is necessary to develop effective targeted injury prevention initiatives. This study describes the epidemiology of unintentional home injuries resulting in death or admission to hospital among young and middle-age New Zealanders.
Cases were selected from Ministry of Health public hospital discharge (2000-2009) and mortality data (1998-2007), and included all 20-64 year olds where the place of injury occurrence was classified as 'home'. Only initial hospitalisations with a stay of 24 hours or longer were included. The circumstances of injury were coded according to the ICD-10 external cause categories. Mean annual rates of death or hospitalisation were calculated using census and intercensal denominator data.
On average 4000 young and middle-age adults are admitted to hospital and 60 die annually as a result of unintentional injuries sustained at home. Overall, mortality rates were highest amongst males, older adults (50 to 64 years), and Māori. The leading causes of unintentional home injury deaths were poisoning, falls, and burns. Hospitalisation rates were highest among males, the older age groups (> 40 years), and Maori. As age increased so did the incidence of hospital admission. The leading contributors resulting in admission to hospital were falls, cutting or piercing, overexertion, and poisoning. Injuries due to falls had the highest median length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality rate. As deprivation increased so did the frequency of hospital admissions due to fall and cutting or piercing injuries.
Poisonings and falls are the leading causes of unintentional home injury death among young and middle-aged New Zealanders. In addition, falls are a significant contributor to home injury resulting in admission to hospital. The large numbers of home injuries occurring each year in New Zealand, mean that even moderately successful injury prevention interventions could have large impacts at the population level.
新西兰缺乏关于家庭伤害的全面全国性概况，而这些信息对于制定有效的针对性伤害预防举措至关重要。本研究描述了新西兰年轻人和中年人中因意外家庭伤害导致死亡或住院的流行病学情况。
病例选自卫生部公立医院出院数据（2000 - 2009年）和死亡率数据（1998 - 2007年），包括所有20至64岁且伤害发生地点被归类为“家中”的人群。仅纳入住院时间为24小时或更长时间的首次住院病例。伤害情况根据国际疾病分类第十版（ICD - 10）外部原因类别进行编码。使用人口普查和两次普查间的分母数据计算年平均死亡或住院率。
平均每年有4000名年轻人和中年人因在家中遭受意外伤害而住院，60人死亡。总体而言，男性、老年人（50至64岁）和毛利人的死亡率最高。意外家庭伤害死亡的主要原因是中毒、跌倒和烧伤。住院率在男性、年龄较大组（> 40岁）和毛利人中最高。随着年龄增长，住院发生率也随之增加。导致住院的主要因素是跌倒、切割或穿刺、过度劳累和中毒。跌倒导致的伤害住院时间中位数和住院死亡率最高。随着贫困程度增加，因跌倒以及切割或穿刺伤害而住院的频率也增加。
中毒和跌倒是新西兰年轻人和中年人意外家庭伤害死亡的主要原因。此外，跌倒也是导致家庭伤害并住院的一个重要因素。新西兰每年发生大量家庭伤害事件，这意味着即使是适度成功的伤害预防干预措施也可能在人群层面产生重大影响。
