The George and Josephine Butler Polymer Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
J Am Chem Soc. 2012 Jan 18;134(2):968-78. doi: 10.1021/ja2065297. Epub 2011 Dec 29.
A combination of electrochromism and electroluminescence in functional materials could lead to single-layer dual electrochromic/electroluminescent (EC/EL) display devices, capable of simultaneous operation in emissive and reflective modes. Whereas such next generation displays could provide optimal visibility in any ambient lighting situation, materials available that exhibit such characteristics in the active layer are limited due to the required intrinsic multifunctionality (i.e., redox activity, electroluminescence, electrochromism, and ion conductivity) and to date can only be achieved via the rational design of ionic transition-metal complexes. Reported herein is the synthesis and characterization of a new family of acrylate-containing ruthenium (tris)bipyridine-based coordination complexes with multifunctional characteristics. Potential use of the presented compounds in EC/EL devices is established, as they are applied as cross-linked electrochromic films and electrochemiluminescent layers in light-emitting electrochemical cell devices. Electrochromic switching of the polymeric networks between yellow, orange, green, brown and transmissive states is demonstrated, and electrochemiluminescent devices based on the complexes synthesized show red-orange to deep red emission with λ(max) ranging from 680 to 722 nm and luminance up to 135 cd/m(2). Additionally, a dual EC/EL device prototype is presented where light emission and multicolor electrochromism occur from the same pixel comprised of a single active layer, demonstrating a true combination of these properties in ionic transition-metal complexes.
功能材料中的电致变色和电致发光的组合可导致单层双电致变色/电致发光（EC/EL）显示器件，其能够在发射和反射模式下同时操作。虽然这种下一代显示器可以在任何环境照明情况下提供最佳的可见度，但由于所需的固有多功能性（即氧化还原活性、电致发光、电致变色和离子导电性），以及迄今为止只能通过合理设计离子过渡金属配合物来实现，因此在活性层中表现出这种特性的可用材料有限。本文报道了一类新型含丙烯酸盐的钌（三）联吡啶基配位配合物的合成与表征，这些配合物具有多功能特性。所提出的化合物在 EC/EL 器件中的潜在用途已经确立，因为它们被用作交联电致变色薄膜和发光电化学池器件中的电化学发光层。聚合物网络在黄色、橙色、绿色、棕色和透明状态之间的电致变色切换得到了证明，基于所合成的配合物的电化学发光器件显示出从红色橙色到深红色的发射，λ（max）范围从 680 到 722nm，亮度高达 135cd/m2。此外，还提出了一个双 EC/EL 器件原型，其中相同的单个有源层中的单个像素同时发生发光和多色电致变色，从而在离子过渡金属配合物中真正实现了这些性质的组合。
