Current management of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasms are malignant lesions that arise from placental villous and extravillous trophoblast. Four clinicopathologic conditions make up this entity: invasive mole (IM), choriocarcinoma (CCA), placental-site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT), and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT). IM and CCA, which make up the majority of these tumors, are highly responsive to chemotherapy with an overall cure rate exceeding 90%, making it usually possible to achieve cure while preserving reproductive function. PSTT and ETT, which rarely occur, are relatively resistant to chemotherapy, making surgery the primary treatment modality, chemotherapy being used only when the disease has metastasized.