Departamento de Análise de Situação de Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brasil.
Rev Saude Publica. 2012 Feb;46(1):128-37. doi: 10.1590/s0034-89102012000100016.
To analyze the characteristics of visits to the emergency services that result from falls and to identify the factors associated with these visits.
A cross-sectional study of 12,617 visits that resulted from falls, recorded in the National Injury Surveillance System, was carried out. The data were collected in 23 Brazilian capitals and the Federal District between September and November 2009 using cluster sampling. Correspondence analysis was used, which allowed for the joint observation of a large number of qualitative variables.
Most of the victims were male (56.5%), aged 0 to 19 years (45.7%), and identified as non-white skin color (62.2%). The majority of the falls occurred at home (54.6%) and in the street (17.4%); 14.3% were work-related. The predominant types were "falls on the same level" (57.0%) and "falls from a ladder/step" (15.6%). Most of the injuries were classified as sprains, dislocations, bruises, cuts, or lacerations (68.3%). Falls among children occurred mostly at home; among adolescents at school; and among young people at sports facilities. Falls among adults were associated with the work place, including falls from scaffolding, roofs, stairs/steps, and holes and were linked to alcohol use. Falls on the same level resulted in less serious injuries, mostly on the upper and lower limbs, and falls from scaffolding and roofs were associated with more severe injuries and hospitalization.
The results show that strategies to prevent falls should target residences, schools, and work environments.
分析因跌倒而就诊于急诊的特点，并确定与这些就诊相关的因素。
本研究采用了横断面研究方法，对 2009 年 9 月至 11 月期间在巴西 23 个州首府和联邦区记录在国家伤害监测系统中的 12617 例因跌倒就诊的病例进行了分析。采用聚类抽样方法收集数据。采用对应分析，可同时观察大量的定性变量。
大多数受害者为男性（56.5%），年龄在 0 至 19 岁之间（45.7%），且皮肤颜色为非白色（62.2%）。大多数跌倒发生在家里（54.6%）和在街上（17.4%）；14.3%与工作有关。主要类型为“同一平面跌倒”（57.0%）和“从梯子/台阶上跌倒”（15.6%）。大多数损伤被归类为扭伤、脱位、瘀伤、割伤或撕裂伤（68.3%）。儿童跌倒多发生在家里；青少年多发生在学校；年轻人多发生在运动场所。成年人的跌倒与工作场所有关，包括从脚手架、屋顶、楼梯/台阶和洞上坠落，与饮酒有关。同一平面的跌倒导致的损伤较轻，主要发生在上肢和下肢，而从脚手架和屋顶坠落则与更严重的损伤和住院治疗有关。
结果表明，预防跌倒的策略应针对住所、学校和工作环境。
