Departments of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2012 Jan;8(1):96-101. doi: 10.4161/hv.8.1.18129. Epub 2012 Jan 1.
Influenza vaccines were developed in the 1930s and were shown in randomized clinical trials to prevent influenza in young healthy adults. The significant morbidity and mortality associated with influenza in adults, age 65 y and older, prompted the early recommendation for influenza vaccination in that age group, based on efficacy data in younger adults. Subsequently a number of studies have demonstrated vaccine effectiveness in older adults, but it appears to be lower than in younger adults. New vaccines are being developed with enhanced immunogenicity to improve the protection of older adults. In the meantime, the currently licensed influenza vaccines need to be administered annually to prevent the estimated 90,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths attributed to influenza in adults ≥65 y of age each year.
流感疫苗于 20 世纪 30 年代研发成功，并在随机临床试验中证实可预防年轻健康成年人患流感。老年人（65 岁及以上）患流感的发病率和死亡率很高，因此基于年轻成年人的疗效数据，该年龄组很早就推荐接种流感疫苗。随后，多项研究表明流感疫苗对老年人有效，但效果似乎低于年轻人。正在开发具有增强免疫原性的新型疫苗，以改善对老年人的保护。与此同时，每年都需要接种目前许可的流感疫苗，以预防每年估计有 9 万例住院和 5000 例死亡与老年人（≥65 岁）患流感有关。
