Gentil Fernanda, Parente Marco, Martins Pedro, Garbe Carolina, Paço João, Ferreira António J M, Tavares João Manuel R S, Jorge Renato Natal
IDMEC - Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Clínica ORL - Dr Eurico Almeida , ESTSP, WIDEX, Lda, Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin. 2013 Apr;16(4):392-402. doi: 10.1080/10255842.2011.623674. Epub 2012 Jan 19.
The human ear is a complex biomechanical system and is divided into three parts: outer, middle and inner ear. The middle ear is formed by ossicles (malleus, incus and stapes), ligaments, muscles and tendons, which transfers sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear, linking with mastoid and Eustachian tube. In this work, a finite element modelling of the tympano-ossicular system of the middle ear was developed. A dynamic study based on a structural response to harmonic vibrations, for a sound pressure level (SPL) of 110, 120 and 130 dB SPL applied in the eardrum, is presented. The connection between the ossicles is made using a contact formulation. The model includes the different ligaments considering its hyperelastic behaviour. The activation of the muscles is based on the constitutive model proposed by previous work. The harmonic responses of displacement and pressure obtained on the stapes footplate, for a frequency range between 100 Hz and 10 kHz, are obtained simulating the muscle activation. The results are compared considering the passive and active states. The results are discussed and they are in accordance with audiological data published with reference to the effects of the middle ear muscles contraction.
人耳是一个复杂的生物力学系统，分为三个部分：外耳、中耳和内耳。中耳由听小骨（锤骨、砧骨和镫骨）、韧带、肌肉和肌腱组成，它将鼓膜的声音振动传递到内耳，并与乳突和咽鼓管相连。在这项工作中，建立了中耳鼓室听骨系统的有限元模型。给出了基于对谐波振动的结构响应的动态研究，该研究针对施加在鼓膜上的110、120和130分贝声压级（SPL）。听小骨之间的连接采用接触公式。该模型考虑了不同韧带的超弹性行为。肌肉的激活基于先前工作提出的本构模型。通过模拟肌肉激活，获得了在100赫兹至10千赫兹频率范围内镫骨足板上位移和压力的谐波响应。考虑被动和主动状态对结果进行了比较。对结果进行了讨论，并且它们与参考中耳肌肉收缩效应发表的听力学数据一致。
