Men Hong-wen, Zhang Qiu, Dai Xing-long, Cao Qian, Wang Cheng-yu, Zhou Xiao-hu, He Ming-rong
State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an 271018, Shandong, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2011 Oct;22(10):2517-23.
Taking the widely planted winter wheat cultivar Tainong 18 as test material, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different irrigation modes on the winter wheat grain yield and water- and nitrogen use efficiency in drier year (2009-2010) in Tai' an City of Shandong Province, China. Five treatments were installed, i. e., irrigation before sowing (CK), irrigation before sowing and at jointing stage (W1), irrigation before sowing and at jointing stages and at over-wintering stage with alternative irrigation at milking stage (W2), irrigation before sowing and at jointing and flowering stages (optimized traditional irrigation mode, W3), and irrigation before sowing and at over-wintering, jointing, and milking stages (traditional irrigation mode, W4). The irrigation amount was 600 m3 hm(-2) one time. Under the condition of 119.7 mm precipitation in the winter wheat growth season, no significant difference was observed in the grain yield between treatments W2 and W4, but the water use efficiency was significantly higher in W2 than in W4. Comparing with treatment W3, treatments W2 and W4 had obviously higher grain yield, but the water use efficiency had no significant difference. The partial factor productivity from N fertilization was the highest in W2 and W4, and the NO3(-)-N accumulation amount in 0-100 cm soil layer at harvest was significantly higher in W2 than in W3 and W4, suggesting that W2 could reduce NO3(-)-N leaching loss. Under the conditions of our experiment, irrigation before sowing and jointing stages and at over-wintering stage with alternative irrigation at milking stage was the optimal irrigation mode in considering both the grain yield and the water- and nitrogen use efficiency.
以广泛种植的冬小麦品种泰农18为试验材料，在中国山东省泰安市进行了田间试验，研究不同灌溉模式对干旱年份（2009—2010年）冬小麦籽粒产量及水分和氮素利用效率的影响。设置了5个处理，即播种前灌溉（CK）、播种前和拔节期灌溉（W1）、播种前、拔节期和越冬期灌溉且在灌浆期交替灌溉（W2）、播种前、拔节期和开花期灌溉（优化传统灌溉模式，W3）以及播种前、越冬期、拔节期和灌浆期灌溉（传统灌溉模式，W4）。每次灌溉量为600 m³·hm⁻²。在冬小麦生长季降水量为119.7 mm的条件下，W2和W4处理的籽粒产量无显著差异，但W2处理的水分利用效率显著高于W4处理。与W3处理相比，W2和W4处理的籽粒产量明显较高，但水分利用效率无显著差异。W2和W4处理的氮肥偏生产力最高，收获时0—100 cm土层中NO₃⁻-N积累量W2处理显著高于W3和W4处理，表明W2处理可减少NO₃⁻-N淋失。在本试验条件下，考虑籽粒产量以及水分和氮素利用效率，播种前、拔节期和越冬期灌溉且在灌浆期交替灌溉是最优灌溉模式。
