Zheng Cheng-yan, Yu Zhen-wen, Zhang Yong-li, Wang Dong, Xu Zhen-zhu
Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2010 Nov;21(11):2799-805.
A field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of irrigation amount on the water consumption, flag leaf physiological characteristics, and grain yield of wheat under the nitrogen application rates 180 kg x hm(-2)(N180)) and 240 kg x hm(-2)(N240). Four irrigation regimes were designed, i.e., no irrigation during whole growth period (W0), irrigation with 60 mm water before sowing (W1), irrigation with 60 mm water before sowing and at jointing stage, respectively (W2), and irrigation with 60 mm water before sowing, at jointing stage, and at flowering stage, respectively (W3). In treatment W0, the water consumption amount below 100 cm soil layer was lower than that in other treatments; and in treatments W1 and W2, the water consumption amount in 100-200 cm and 0-200 cm soil layers was higher than that in treatment W3. The soil water consumption amount in 0-80 cm soil layer, the consumption percentage from flowering to maturing stage, and the total water consumption amount were all higher under N240 than under N180. At mid and late grain-filling stages, the relative water content (RWC) and water potential (psi w) of flag leaves were higher in treatments W2 and W3 than in treatments W0 and W1. The RWC and psi w at late grain-filling stage were higher in treatments N240W0 and N240 than in N180W0 and N180 W1, respectively, but had no significant differences between treatments N240W2 and N180W2, and N240W3 and N180W3. In this study, treatment N180W2 had the higher grain yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and nitrogen use efficiency, while over-irrigation increased the water consumption amount, and decreased the WUE, irrigation water use efficiency, and irrigation benefit.
进行了一项田间试验，以研究在施氮量分别为180 kg·hm⁻²（N180）和240 kg·hm⁻²（N240）的情况下，灌水量对小麦耗水量、旗叶生理特性及籽粒产量的影响。设计了四种灌溉方式，即全生育期不灌溉（W0）、播种前灌溉60 mm水（W1）、播种前和拔节期分别灌溉60 mm水（W2）、播种前、拔节期和开花期分别灌溉60 mm水（W3）。在处理W0中，100 cm土层以下的耗水量低于其他处理；在处理W1和W2中，100 - 200 cm和0 - 200 cm土层的耗水量高于处理W3。0 - 80 cm土层的土壤耗水量、开花至成熟期的耗水百分比以及总耗水量在N240处理下均高于N180处理。在籽粒灌浆中后期，处理W2和W3中旗叶的相对含水量（RWC）和水势（ψw）高于处理W0和W1。籽粒灌浆后期，处理N240W0和N240的RWC和ψw分别高于N180W0和N180W1，但处理N240W2与N180W2、N240W3与N180W3之间无显著差异。本研究中，处理N180W2的籽粒产量、水分利用效率（WUE）和氮素利用效率较高，而过度灌溉增加了耗水量，降低了WUE、灌溉水利用效率和灌溉效益。
