Wang Hong-li, Zhang Xu-cheng, Song Shang-you, Ma Yi-Fan, Yu Xian-feng, Liu Yan-lan
College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2011 Oct;22(10):2609-14.
Taking spring corn (Zea mays) cultivar Shendan 16 as test material, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of the treatments whole-field surface plastic mulching and planting in furrow (PMF), whole-field surface sand mulching and flat planting (SM), and uncovered and flat planting (CK) on the soil temperature, soil moisture, and corn yield on the dry land of arid area (annual average precipitation 415 mm) in middle Gansu Province. Comparing with CK, treatments PMF and SM increased the average temperature in 0-25 cm soil layer before tasselling stage, with the highest increment in treatment PMF. As for the soil water consumption, its depth in the three treatments increased with increasing years of planting. In the first year of planting, the soil water consumption was the most in 20-120 cm soil layer; whereas in the second year, the consumption was the most in 120-200 cm soil layer, with the soil water loss being the highest in treatment PMF. Treatment PMF had the highest grain number, grain weight per spike, and 100-grain weight, followed by treatment SM, and CK. In 2009 and 2010, the average grain number, average grain weight per spike, and average 100-grain weight in treatment PMF were increased by 13.5% and 114.2%, 29.8% and 321.1%, and 14.4% and 95.4% respectively, as compared to treatments SM and CK, and the grain yield and water use efficiency in treatments PMF and SM were increased by 333.1% and 240.2%, and 290.6% and 227.6%, respectively, as compared to CK. After two years continuous cropping of corn, the soil water loss in 120-200 cm soil layer in treatment PMF was up to 72 mm, being significantly higher than that in treatments SM (45 mm) and CK (40 mm). It was suggested that PMF could increase the soil temperature at seedling-tasselling stage, promote the corn growth in its early growth period, improve the soil water use by corn, and consequently, increase the grain number per spike and 100-grain weight, manifesting a good effect in improving corn yield and water use efficiency. However, PMF also induced more soil water consumption in 100-200 cm soil layer, which was not beneficial to the water balance through years.
以春玉米（Zea mays）品种沈单16为试验材料，在甘肃省中部干旱地区（年平均降水量415mm）的旱地开展田间试验，研究全田地面覆膜沟播（PMF）、全田地面覆沙平作（SM）和露地平作（CK）处理对土壤温度、土壤水分及玉米产量的影响。与CK相比，PMF和SM处理在抽雄前提高了0 - 25cm土层的平均温度，其中PMF处理增幅最大。就土壤水分消耗而言，三种处理的土壤水分消耗深度随种植年限增加而加深。种植第一年，20 - 120cm土层土壤水分消耗最多；而在第二年，120 - 200cm土层消耗最多，其中PMF处理土壤水分损失最高。PMF处理的穗粒数、穗粒重和百粒重最高，其次是SM处理，CK最低。2009年和2010年，与SM和CK处理相比，PMF处理的平均穗粒数、平均穗粒重和平均百粒重分别提高了13.5%和114.2%、29.8%和321.1%、14.4%和95.4%，PMF和SM处理的籽粒产量和水分利用效率分别比CK提高了333.1%和240.2%、290.6%和227.6%。玉米连作两年后，PMF处理120 - 200cm土层土壤水分损失达72mm，显著高于SM处理（45mm）和CK处理（40mm）。结果表明，PMF可提高苗期至抽雄期的土壤温度，促进玉米生育前期生长，提高玉米对土壤水分的利用，进而增加穗粒数和百粒重，在提高玉米产量和水分利用效率方面效果良好。然而，PMF也导致100 - 200cm土层土壤水分消耗增加，不利于多年的水分平衡。
