Pacific Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Centre for Applied Conservation Research, Department of Forest Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Canada.
J Fish Biol. 2012 Feb;80(2):444-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03190.x. Epub 2011 Dec 23.
The influence of individual parentage on progeny responses to early developmental temperature stress was examined in a cross-fertilization experiment using sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka. Differences in survival, hatch timing and size were examined among five paternally linked and five maternally linked offspring families (Weaver Creek population, British Columbia, Canada) incubated at 12, 14 and 16° C from just after fertilization to hatch. Mean embryonic survival was significantly lower at 14 and 16° C; however, offspring families had substantially different survival responses across the thermal gradient (crossing reaction norms). Within temperature treatments, substantial variation in embryonic survival, alevin mass, time-to-hatch and hatch duration were attributable to family identity; however, most traits were governed by significant temperature-family interactions. For embryonic survival, large differences between families at 16° C were due to both female and male spawner influence, whereas inter-family differences were obscured at 14° C (high intra-family variation), and minimal at 12° C (only maternal influence detected). Despite post-hatch rearing under a common cool thermal regime, persistent effects of both temperature and parentage were detected in alevin and 3 week-old fry. Collectively, these findings highlight the crucial role that parental influences on offspring may have in shaping future selection within salmonid populations exposed to elevated thermal regimes. An increased understanding of parental and temperature influences and their persistence in early development will be essential to developing a more comprehensive view of population spawning success and determining the adaptive capacity of O. nerka populations in the face of environmental change.
本研究通过杂交受精实验，以红大麻哈鱼（Oncorhynchus nerka）为研究对象，探讨了亲代个体对后代早期发育温度胁迫响应的影响。实验分别在 12°C、14°C 和 16°C 下孵化来自 5 个父系相关和 5 个母系相关的后代家系（加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省威弗克里克种群），从受精后到孵化一直进行。14°C 和 16°C 下胚胎存活率显著较低；然而，不同家系在整个温度梯度下的存活率响应存在显著差异（交叉反应规范）。在不同温度处理下，胚胎存活率、仔鱼质量、孵化时间和孵化持续时间的显著差异归因于家系身份；然而，大多数性状都受到显著的温度-家系互作的影响。在 16°C 下，家系间胚胎存活率的巨大差异归因于雌雄亲鱼的影响，而在 14°C 下（高的家系内变异性），家系间的差异则被掩盖，在 12°C 下（仅检测到母系影响），这种差异则最小。尽管在共同的凉爽热环境下进行了孵化后饲养，但在仔鱼和 3 周龄幼鱼中仍检测到温度和亲代的持续影响。总的来说，这些发现强调了亲代对后代的影响在塑造面临升高的热环境的鲑鱼种群未来选择方面可能具有的关键作用。深入了解亲代和温度的影响及其在早期发育中的持久性，对于全面了解种群的繁殖成功和确定红大麻哈鱼种群在环境变化面前的适应能力至关重要。
