Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
Mol Ecol. 2012 Mar;21(5):1060-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05426.x. Epub 2012 Jan 23.
The study of the proteome (proteomics), which includes the dynamics of protein expression, regulation, interactions and its function, has played a less prominent role in evolutionary and ecological investigations in comparison with the study of the genome and transcriptome. There are, however, a number of arguments suggesting that this situation should change. First, the proteome is closer to the phenotype than the genome or the transcriptome, and as such may be more directly responsive to natural selection, and thus closely linked to adaptation. Second, there is evidence of a low correlation between protein and transcript expression levels across genes in many different organisms. Finally, there have been some recent important technological improvements in proteomics methods that make them feasible, practical and useful to address a wide range of evolutionary questions even in nonmodel organisms. The different proteomic methods, their limitations and problems when interpreting empirical data are described and discussed. In addition, the proteomic literature pertaining to evolutionary ecology is reviewed with examples, and potential applications of proteomics in a variety of evolutionary contexts are outlined. New proteomic research trends such as the study of posttranslational modifications and protein-protein interactions, as well as the combined use of the different -omics approaches, are discussed in relation to the development of a more functional and integrated perspective, needed for achieving a more comprehensive knowledge of evolutionary change.
蛋白质组学（proteomics）的研究，包括蛋白质表达、调控、相互作用及其功能的动态变化，与基因组和转录组的研究相比，在进化和生态研究中的作用并不突出。然而，有一些观点认为这种情况应该改变。首先，蛋白质组比基因组或转录组更接近表型，因此可能更直接地对自然选择产生反应，从而与适应密切相关。其次，在许多不同的生物体中，蛋白质和转录物表达水平之间存在低相关性的证据。最后，蛋白质组学方法最近取得了一些重要的技术进步，使得它们在非模式生物中解决广泛的进化问题变得可行、实用和有用。描述和讨论了不同的蛋白质组学方法、它们在解释经验数据时的局限性和问题。此外，还回顾了与进化生态学有关的蛋白质组学文献，并举例说明了蛋白质组学在各种进化背景下的潜在应用。还讨论了新的蛋白质组学研究趋势，如翻译后修饰和蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用的研究，以及不同“组学”方法的联合使用，这些趋势与发展更具功能性和综合性的视角有关，这是实现对进化变化更全面了解所必需的。
