Professor Emeritus, Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Department of Philosophy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
Theor Med Bioeth. 2012 Feb;33(1):83-95. doi: 10.1007/s11017-012-9210-8.
In 1969, the field of human genetics was in its infancy. Amniocentesis was a new technique for prenatal diagnosis, and a newborn genetic screening program had been established in one state. There were also concerns about the potential hazards of genetic engineering. A research group at the Hastings Center and Paul Ramsey pioneered in the discussion of genetics and bioethics. Two principal techniques have emerged as being of enduring importance: human gene transfer research and genetic testing and screening. This essay tracks the development and use of these techniques and considers the ethical issues that they raise.
1969 年，人类遗传学领域还处于起步阶段。羊膜穿刺术是一种新的产前诊断技术，一个州已经建立了新生儿遗传筛查计划。人们还对基因工程的潜在危害表示担忧。黑斯廷斯中心和保罗·拉姆齐的一个研究小组率先讨论了遗传学和生物伦理学。两种主要的技术已经被证明具有持久的重要性：人类基因转移研究和基因测试和筛查。本文跟踪了这些技术的发展和应用，并考虑了它们所引发的伦理问题。
