Zelaya Carla E, Sivaram Sudha, Johnson Sethulakshmi C, Srikrishnan A K, Suniti Solomon, Celentano David D
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
AIDS Care. 2012;24(7):846-55. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2011.647674. Epub 2012 Jan 24.
HIV/AIDS stigma can severely compromise the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) by reducing access and quality of care, adherence to therapy, and disclosure of HIV status, thereby potentially increasing transmission. The objective of this study was to develop and psychometrically test three parallel scales measuring self, experienced, and perceived stigma among PLHA (n=188) in Chennai, India. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), which was used to facilitate item reduction and assess construct validity, confirmed the presence of three underlying theoretical domains. The final number of items and Cronbach's Alpha for each scale were: 8 items, Alpha of 0.84, for self stigma; 7 items, Alpha of 0.86, for experienced stigma; and 7 items, Alpha of 0.83, for perceived stigma. External validity was ascertained by confirming a significant positive association between the measure of each type of stigma and depression (measured using CES-D), using structural equation modeling (SEM). Therefore, scales were parsimonious, reliable, and were found to be valid measures of HIV/AIDS stigma. Using these validated scales, researchers can accurately collect data to inform the design of stigma reduction programs and interventions and enable subsequent evaluation of their effectiveness.
艾滋病毒/艾滋病污名化会严重损害艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者（PLHA）的生活质量，因为它会减少获得护理的机会和护理质量、降低治疗依从性以及阻碍艾滋病毒感染状况的披露，从而可能增加病毒传播。本研究的目的是开发并进行心理测量学测试，以评估印度金奈的188名艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者中衡量自我污名、经历的污名和感知到的污名的三个平行量表。探索性因素分析（EFA）用于促进项目精简并评估结构效度，证实了三个潜在理论领域的存在。每个量表的最终项目数量和克朗巴哈系数分别为：自我污名量表8个项目，系数为0.84；经历的污名量表7个项目，系数为0.86；感知到的污名量表7个项目，系数为0.83。通过结构方程模型（SEM）确认每种污名类型的测量与抑郁（使用CES-D测量）之间存在显著正相关，从而确定了外部效度。因此，这些量表简洁、可靠，并且被证明是艾滋病毒/艾滋病污名化的有效测量工具。使用这些经过验证的量表，研究人员可以准确收集数据，为减少污名化项目和干预措施的设计提供信息，并能够随后评估其有效性。
