Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo and INCT Translational Medicine (CNPq), Brazil.
Harm Reduct J. 2012 Jan 25;9:7. doi: 10.1186/1477-7517-9-7.
Cannabis intoxication is related to a number of physical and mental health risks with ensuing social costs. However, little attention has been given to the investigation of possible pharmacological interactions in this condition.
To review the available scientific literature concerning pharmacological interventions for the treatment of the acute effects of cannabis.
A search was performed on the Pubmed, Lilacs, and Scielo online databases by combining the terms cannabis, intoxication, psychosis, anxiety, and treatment. The articles selected from this search had their reference lists checked for additional publications related to the topic of the review.
The reviewed articles consisted of case reports and controlled clinical trials and are presented according to interventions targeting the physiological, psychiatric, and cognitive symptoms provoked by cannabis. The pharmacological interventions reported in these studies include: beta-blockers, antiarrhythmic agents, antagonists of CB-1 and GABA-benzodiazepine receptors, antipsychotics, and cannabidiol.
Although scarce, the evidence on pharmacological interventions for the management of cannabis intoxication suggests that propanolol and rimonabant are the most effective compounds currently available to treat the physiological and subjective effects of the drug. Further studies are necessary to establish the real effectiveness of these two medications, as well as the effectiveness of other candidate compounds to counteract the effects of cannabis intoxication, such as cannabidiol and flumazenil.
大麻中毒与许多身心健康风险相关，并带来相应的社会成本。然而，对于这种情况下可能存在的药物相互作用，人们关注甚少。
综述现有关于大麻急性作用治疗的药理学干预措施的科学文献。
通过将大麻、中毒、精神病、焦虑和治疗等术语组合，在 Pubmed、Lilacs 和 Scielo 在线数据库中进行检索。从这次检索中选择的文章，还会检查其参考文献中是否有与综述主题相关的其他出版物。
综述中包含病例报告和对照临床试验，并根据针对大麻引起的生理、精神和认知症状的干预措施进行呈现。这些研究报告的药理学干预措施包括：β受体阻滞剂、抗心律失常药物、CB-1 和 GABA-苯二氮䓬受体拮抗剂、抗精神病药和大麻二酚。
尽管证据有限，但关于大麻中毒管理的药理学干预措施的证据表明，普萘洛尔和利莫那班是目前治疗药物生理和主观作用最有效的化合物。需要进一步的研究来确定这两种药物的真正有效性，以及其他候选化合物（如大麻二酚和氟马西尼）对抗大麻中毒作用的有效性。
