Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1.
Appl Ergon. 2012 Sep;43(5):876-82. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2011.12.007. Epub 2012 Jan 26.
The use of lumbar supports has been associated with decreased reports of low back pain during driving exposures. However, there has been limited work investigating whether lumbar supports actually change spine and pelvic postures at the level of the vertebrae.
To investigate the effectiveness of a lumbar support in changing radiological measures of lumbar spine and pelvic postures and to examine the impact of support excursion magnitudes on these postures.
Eight male subjects were recruited with no history of back injury, pathologies or low back pain within the past 6 months. Radiographs were taken in four postures: standing, and sitting with 0 cm, 2 cm and 4 cm lumbar support prominence (LSP).
Lumbar lordosis angle increased from 20° with no support to 25° with 2 cm support and 30° with 4 cm support. Lumbar lordosis angles were significantly different between 0 cm support and 4 cm support (p < 0.0001) and between 2 cm support and 4 cm support (p = 0.0256). Increasing lumbar support reduced the flexion at intervertebral disc joints throughout the lumbar spine, however, these remained significantly different from upright standing (p > 0.001) with the exception of L1/L2 in 4 cm support (p = 0.1381) and L5/S1 for all seated postures (p = 0.0687). All measures of pelvic posture were significantly different in sitting compared to standing (p < 0.0001), however, the lumbar support had no significant impact on seated pelvic posture.
Lumbar supports were shown to impact the vertebral rotations of the lumbar spine yet had no effect on pelvis postures. Increasing support from the current maximum of 2 cm-4 cm resulted in increased lumbar lordosis. The changes were mostly imparted at the upper lumbar spine joints with the most marked change being exhibited at the approximate level of the lumbar support apex: in the L2/L3 joint.
使用腰部支撑物与驾驶过程中报告的腰痛减少有关。然而，很少有研究调查腰部支撑物是否实际上改变了脊柱和骨盆在椎体水平的姿势。
研究腰部支撑物在改变腰椎和骨盆姿势的影像学测量值方面的有效性，并研究支撑物突出量对这些姿势的影响。
招募了 8 名男性受试者，他们没有背部受伤、病变或过去 6 个月内腰痛的病史。在 4 种姿势下拍摄 X 光片：站立和坐直，腰部支撑物突出（LSP）分别为 0cm、2cm 和 4cm。
在没有支撑物的情况下，腰椎前凸角从 20°增加到 2cm 支撑时的 25°，4cm 支撑时的 30°。0cm 支撑和 4cm 支撑之间的腰椎前凸角差异有统计学意义（p<0.0001），2cm 支撑和 4cm 支撑之间的差异也有统计学意义（p=0.0256）。随着腰椎支撑物的增加，整个腰椎间盘关节的屈曲度降低，但与站立时相比，这些仍有显著差异（p>0.001），例外的是 4cm 支撑下的 L1/L2 （p=0.1381）和所有坐姿的 L5/S1（p=0.0687）。与站立相比，所有坐姿下的骨盆姿势测量值均有显著差异（p<0.0001），但腰部支撑物对坐姿骨盆姿势没有显著影响。
腰部支撑物对腰椎的椎体旋转有影响，但对骨盆姿势没有影响。从当前的 2cm-4cm 最大支撑物增加支撑物会增加腰椎前凸。变化主要发生在上腰椎关节，最明显的变化发生在腰部支撑物顶点的近似水平：在 L2/L3 关节。
