Department of Psychiatry, University of Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany.
Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2012 Jun;13(8):1549-56. doi: 10.2174/138920112800784943.
For decades treatment of schizophrenia was restricted to drugs, which mainly target positive symptoms by interfering with the dopaminergic neurotransmission. Since a large body of experimental and clinical data implicate that schizophrenia may primarily be a consequence of an imbalance in the glutamatergic system, specifically the networks containing GABAergic interneurons (γ-amino butyric acid), new drugs modulating glutamatergic neurotransmission are being developed. Targeting this dysfunction may follow different strategies, including application of direct or indirect NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor agonists or drugs modulating the function of metabotropic glutamate receptors. Meanwhile, the first substances have proven to be effective in animal models of schizophrenia and now enter the stage of clinical trials. The most promising data have been obtained in studies employing agonists of the metabotropic glutamate receptor. A choice of these substances is presented in this review.
几十年来，精神分裂症的治疗一直局限于药物，这些药物主要通过干扰多巴胺能神经传递来治疗阳性症状。由于大量的实验和临床数据表明，精神分裂症可能主要是由于谷氨酸能系统失衡引起的，特别是包含 GABA 能中间神经元（γ-氨基丁酸）的网络，因此正在开发调节谷氨酸能神经传递的新药。针对这种功能障碍可能有不同的策略，包括应用直接或间接 NMDA（N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸）受体激动剂或调节代谢型谷氨酸受体功能的药物。与此同时，第一批物质已被证明在精神分裂症动物模型中有效，现在已进入临床试验阶段。在使用代谢型谷氨酸受体激动剂的研究中获得了最有希望的数据。本文综述了这些物质的选择。
