Tonolini Massimo, Campari Alessandro, Bianco Roberto
Department of Radiology, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy.
Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2012 Mar-Apr;41(2):52-5. doi: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2011.07.004.
Contrast media extravasation represents a not unusual problem in radiological practice. Incidence, patient-, and procedure-related risk factors, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of extravasation injuries are discussed with a review of recent literature, and a practical preventive approach is proposed. A diagnostic and therapeutic protocol, to be applied whenever contrast extravasation is detected, includes radiographic assessment of compartmentalization, antidote application, local care, and clinical follow-up; indications for surgical consultation and adverse event reporting are provided.
造影剂外渗是放射学实践中一个常见问题。本文结合近期文献综述，讨论了外渗损伤的发生率、与患者及操作相关的危险因素、发病机制和临床表现，并提出了切实可行的预防方法。还制定了一个诊断和治疗方案，用于在检测到造影剂外渗时应用，包括对组织分隔情况进行影像学评估、应用解毒剂、局部护理和临床随访；同时提供了手术会诊指征和不良事件报告要求。
