Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2012 Mar;66(2):151-8. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2011.11.010. Epub 2011 Dec 28.
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine-related cancer with increasing incidences during the last five years. Interestingly, according to the American Thyroid Association, the incidences of thyroid proliferative diseases occur four to five times more in women than in men with the risk of developing thyroid disorders being one in every eight females. Several epidemiological studies have suggested a possible correlation between incidences of thyroid malignancies and hormones but the precise contribution of estrogen in thyroid proliferative disease initiation, and progression is not well understood. This review is an attempt to define the phenotypic and genotypic modulatory effects of estrogen on thyroid proliferative diseases. The significance and relevance of expression of estrogen receptors, α and β, in normal and malignant thyroid tissues and their effects on different molecular pathways involved in growth and function of the thyroid gland are discussed. These novel findings open up areas of developing alternative therapeutic treatments and preventive approaches which employ the use of antiestrogen to treat thyroid malignancies.
甲状腺癌是最常见的内分泌相关癌症，在过去五年中发病率不断上升。有趣的是，根据美国甲状腺协会的数据，女性中甲状腺增生性疾病的发病率比男性高四到五倍，女性患甲状腺疾病的风险为八分之一。几项流行病学研究表明，甲状腺恶性肿瘤的发病率与激素之间可能存在相关性，但雌激素在甲状腺增生性疾病的发生和进展中的确切作用尚不清楚。这篇综述旨在确定雌激素对甲状腺增生性疾病的表型和基因型调节作用。本文讨论了雌激素受体 α 和 β 在正常和恶性甲状腺组织中的表达的意义和相关性，以及它们对甲状腺生长和功能相关不同分子途径的影响。这些新发现为开发替代治疗方法和预防方法开辟了新的领域，这些方法利用抗雌激素治疗甲状腺癌。
