Brandes M
Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Universität Oldenburg, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2012 Jan;55(1):96-101. doi: 10.1007/s00103-011-1395-x.
The decline of physical activity is considered to play an important role in the deterioration of health predictors, such as overweight, and the associated increase of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Therefore, most interventional strategies aim for increasing physical activity. Instead of physical activity, some studies use physical fitness as a key variable. Though physical fitness is influenced by genetic factors, physical fitness has to be developed by physical activity. As recent reports demonstrate the prospective associations between physical fitness and health and mortality, these associations are not reported for physical activity. Due to the fact that physical fitness-in contrast to physical activity-is evaluated with standardized laboratory measurements, it appears advisable to assess physical fitness for prospective health perspectives. Although physical fitness is determined by genetics, physical activity is the primary modifiable determinant for increasing physical fitness and should be aimed for to improve physical fitness in interventional strategies.
身体活动的减少被认为在健康预测指标的恶化中起重要作用，如超重，以及心血管疾病和全因死亡率的相应增加。因此，大多数干预策略旨在增加身体活动。一些研究不是将身体活动作为关键变量，而是使用身体素质。虽然身体素质受遗传因素影响，但必须通过身体活动来提升。近期报告显示了身体素质与健康及死亡率之间的前瞻性关联，但这些关联并未针对身体活动进行报道。由于与身体活动不同，身体素质是通过标准化实验室测量来评估的，从未来健康角度评估身体素质似乎是可取的。尽管身体素质由基因决定，但身体活动是提高身体素质的主要可改变决定因素，在干预策略中应以提高身体素质为目标来增加身体活动。
