Maass Brigitte L, Musale Dieudonné Katunga, Chiuri Wanjiku L, Gassner Anja, Peters Michael
Tropical Forages Program, CIAT, PO Box 823-00621, Nairobi, Kenya.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2012 Aug;44(6):1221-32. doi: 10.1007/s11250-011-0061-5. Epub 2012 Jan 29.
A survey on smallholder livestock production with emphasis on monogastric animals was conducted in 20 villages of seven so-called 'groupements' of South Kivu province in DR Congo, situated along a north to south-west axis with the town of Bukavu in the center. This land adjacent to Lake Kivu is located at elevations ranging around 900- 1900 m asl, experiencing tropical highland climate. A diagnostic survey helped to rapidly obtain in-depth knowledge of constraints and opportunities in this environment. Correspondence analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to investigate the association of production constraints with particular livestock species and to understand the factors that govern the number of livestock that people owned (converted to tropical livestock units [TLU]), respectively. Responses of 112 informants demonstrated that livestock is an integral part of the region's mixed farming systems. Low livestock numbers per household at present reflect the poverty as a consequence of recent violent conflicts. Currently, farmers focus on small livestock, like poultry, swine, cavies (i.e., Guinea pigs) and rabbits. Families keep livestock to accumulate household reserves that are strongly invested in children's education. Major issues of animal husbandry were related to animal diseases and lack of feed resources, particularly in the dry season. Lack of feed or forages were unrelated to a particular livestock species. Livestock holdings depended on animal diversity, location, land size available and respondents' education level. The potential introduction of improved forages is challenged by their dry-season tolerance, compatibility with cropping on small farms; and people's readiness to cultivate forages.
在刚果民主共和国南基伍省七个所谓的“聚居区”的20个村庄开展了一项关于小农户家畜生产的调查，重点是单胃动物。这些村庄沿南北向至西南向分布，以布卡武镇为中心。这片毗邻基伍湖的土地海拔约900 - 1900米，属热带高原气候。一项诊断性调查有助于快速深入了解该环境中的制约因素和机遇。分别使用对应分析和多元回归分析来研究生产制约因素与特定家畜品种的关联，以及了解影响人们拥有家畜数量（换算为热带家畜单位[TLU]）的因素。112名受访者的回答表明，家畜是该地区混合作物种植系统的一个组成部分。目前每户家畜数量较少反映出近期暴力冲突导致的贫困状况。目前，农民主要饲养小家畜，如家禽、猪、豚鼠（即几内亚猪）和兔子。家庭饲养家畜是为了积累家庭储备，并大量投入子女教育。畜牧业的主要问题与动物疾病和饲料资源短缺有关，特别是在旱季。饲料或草料短缺与特定家畜品种无关。家畜存栏量取决于动物多样性、地理位置、可用土地面积和受访者的教育水平。引进改良草料面临着旱季耐受性、与小农场作物种植的兼容性以及人们种植草料意愿等方面的挑战。
