Figueroa Gustavo
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Santiago, Chile.
Rev Med Chil. 2011 Oct;139(10):1378-83. Epub 2012 Jan 3.
Bioethics was born not only as an aftermath of medical technological advance but also from underlying philosophical conceptions about man, that determine scientific research. Analyzing occidental ethics, Heidegger showed that animalism was the only human dimension considered and thereby the domain of measurable objectiveness. He postulated that the essence of human existence as being-in-the-world is ethical and revealed through an original consciousness. Unlike moral conscience, original conscience calls to authenticity, to hear his constitutive nihilism as a "Being-referred-to-death". The founding ground of bioethics may be to listen to this primary being-guilty prior to the derived guilts, e.g. faults, deficiencies and shortcomings of specific daily actions.
生物伦理学不仅诞生于医学技术进步之后，还源于关于人的潜在哲学观念，这些观念决定着科学研究。在分析西方伦理学时，海德格尔指出，兽性主义是唯一被考虑的人类维度，从而也是可测量客观性的领域。他假定，人类存在于世界之中的本质是伦理的，并通过一种原初意识得以揭示。与道德良知不同，原初良知呼唤本真性，要将其构成性的虚无主义当作“向死而生”来倾听。生物伦理学的奠基或许在于，在诸如特定日常行为的过错、缺陷和不足等派生的罪责之前，倾听这种原初的负罪感。
