Unité d'Exploration des Rythmes Veille-Sommeil, Centre Hospitalier de Rouffach, Rouffach, France.
Expert Rev Neurother. 2012 Feb;12(2):141-53. doi: 10.1586/ern.11.197.
Insomnia is a very frequent complaint that periodically or permanently affects up to 60% of the general population. Valuable therapeutic options rely on pharmacological and nonpharmacological management of insomnia complaints. Zolpidem is one of the most popular hypnotic drugs used to treat insomnia. The drug was synthesized by Synthélabo Recherche in the early 1980s and has proved to be a suitable and well-tolerated drug, especially with regard to efficacy in sleep initiation. The present review focuses on an alternate delivery form of zolpidem, Edluar™, a new sublingual formulation of zolpidem that has been developed for the treatment of sleep-onset insomnia. Studies have shown that Edluar has a faster sleep-induction effect, whereas it did not differ from the oral formulation in terms of sleep maintenance or side effects. This review also discusses the mechanism of action of zolpidem and its pharmacokinetic profile in comparison to Edluar. Efficacy studies in specific settings (such as non-nightly use or use in combination with cognitive behavioral therapy) and particular safety issues encountered with zolpidem use are also discussed.
失眠是一种非常常见的主诉，它会周期性或永久性地影响高达 60%的普通人群。有价值的治疗选择依赖于对失眠主诉的药物和非药物管理。唑吡坦是用于治疗失眠的最受欢迎的催眠药物之一。该药物由 Synthélabo Recherche 于 20 世纪 80 年代早期合成，已被证明是一种合适且耐受性良好的药物，尤其是在睡眠起始方面。本综述重点介绍唑吡坦的一种替代给药形式，即 Edluar™，这是一种新的舌下制剂，用于治疗入睡性失眠。研究表明，Edluar 具有更快的诱导睡眠作用，而在睡眠维持或副作用方面与口服制剂没有差异。本综述还讨论了唑吡坦的作用机制及其与 Edluar 的药代动力学特征。还讨论了在特定环境（如非每晚使用或与认知行为疗法联合使用）中的疗效研究以及使用唑吡坦时遇到的特定安全问题。
