Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathumthani School of Engineering and Technology, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand.
Int Endod J. 2012 Jul;45(7):627-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02018.x. Epub 2012 Jan 30.
To design and evaluate the impact of virtual reality (VR) pre-surgical practice on the performance of actual endodontic microsurgery.
The VR system operates on a laptop with a 1.6-GHz Intel processor and 2 GB of main memory. Volumetric cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data were acquired from a fresh cadaveric porcine mandible prior to endodontic microsurgery. Ten inexperienced endodontic trainees were randomized as to whether they performed endodontic microsurgery with or without virtual pre-surgical practice. The VR simulator has microinstruments to perform surgical procedures under magnification. After the initial endodontic microsurgery, all participants served as their own controls by performing another procedure with or without virtual pre-surgical practice. All procedures were videotaped and assessed by two independent observers using an endodontic competency rating scale (from 6 to 30).
A significant difference was observed between the scores for endodontic microsurgery on molar teeth completed with virtual pre-surgical practice and those completed without virtual presurgical practice, median 24.5 (range = 17-28) versus median 18.75 (range = 14-26.5), P = 0.041. A significant difference was observed between the scores for osteotomy on a molar tooth completed with virtual pre-surgical practice and those completed without virtual pre-surgical practice, median 4.5 (range = 3.5-4.5) versus median 3 (range = 2-4), P = 0.042.
Pre-surgical practice in a virtual environment using the 3D computerized model generated from the original CBCT image data improved endodontic microsurgery performance.
设计并评估虚拟现实（VR）术前练习对实际根管显微镜手术性能的影响。
VR 系统在配备 1.6GHz 英特尔处理器和 2GB 主内存的笔记本电脑上运行。在进行根管显微镜手术之前，从新鲜的猪下颌骨尸体标本中获取容积锥形束 CT（CBCT）数据。10 名缺乏经验的根管培训师随机分为是否在虚拟术前练习下进行根管显微镜手术。VR 模拟器具有微器械，可在放大下进行手术操作。在初始根管显微镜手术后，所有参与者均通过在有或没有虚拟术前练习的情况下进行另一次手术来充当自己的对照。所有手术均进行录像，并由两名独立观察者使用根管能力评分量表（6 至 30 分）进行评估。
接受虚拟术前练习的磨牙根管显微镜手术评分与未接受虚拟术前练习的磨牙根管显微镜手术评分之间存在显著差异，中位数为 24.5（范围为 17-28）与中位数 18.75（范围为 14-26.5），P=0.041。接受虚拟术前练习的磨牙截骨术评分与未接受虚拟术前练习的磨牙截骨术评分之间存在显著差异，中位数为 4.5（范围为 3.5-4.5）与中位数 3（范围为 2-4），P=0.042。
使用从原始 CBCT 图像数据生成的 3D 计算机模型进行虚拟环境术前练习可提高根管显微镜手术性能。
