Integrated Management Coastal Research Institute, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Camino Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain; E-Mails:
Sensors (Basel). 2009;9(11):8722-47. doi: 10.3390/s91108722. Epub 2009 Oct 30.
Forest and rural fires are one of the main causes of environmental degradation in Mediterranean countries. Existing fire detection systems only focus on detection, but not on the verification of the fire. However, almost all of them are just simulations, and very few implementations can be found. Besides, the systems in the literature lack scalability. In this paper we show all the steps followed to perform the design, research and development of a wireless multisensor network which mixes sensors with IP cameras in a wireless network in order to detect and verify fire in rural and forest areas of Spain. We have studied how many cameras, sensors and access points are needed to cover a rural or forest area, and the scalability of the system. We have developed a multisensor and when it detects a fire, it sends a sensor alarm through the wireless network to a central server. The central server selects the closest wireless cameras to the multisensor, based on a software application, which are rotated to the sensor that raised the alarm, and sends them a message in order to receive real-time images from the zone. The camera lets the fire fighters corroborate the existence of a fire and avoid false alarms. In this paper, we show the test performance given by a test bench formed by four wireless IP cameras in several situations and the energy consumed when they are transmitting. Moreover, we study the energy consumed by each device when the system is set up. The wireless sensor network could be connected to Internet through a gateway and the images of the cameras could be seen from any part of the world.
森林和农村火灾是地中海国家环境恶化的主要原因之一。现有的火灾检测系统仅专注于检测，但不验证火灾。然而，几乎所有这些系统都只是模拟，很少有实际的实现。此外，文献中的系统缺乏可扩展性。在本文中，我们展示了设计、研究和开发无线多传感器网络的所有步骤，该网络将传感器与 IP 摄像机混合在无线网络中，以便在西班牙的农村和森林地区检测和验证火灾。我们研究了需要多少摄像机、传感器和接入点来覆盖农村或森林地区，以及系统的可扩展性。我们开发了一种多传感器，当它检测到火灾时，它会通过无线网络向中央服务器发送传感器警报。中央服务器根据软件应用程序选择最接近多传感器的无线摄像机，这些摄像机被旋转到发出警报的传感器，并向其发送消息，以便从该区域接收实时图像。摄像机让消防员证实火灾的存在并避免误报。在本文中，我们展示了由四个无线 IP 摄像机在几种情况下组成的测试台的测试性能，以及它们传输时消耗的能量。此外，我们研究了系统设置时每个设备消耗的能量。无线传感器网络可以通过网关连接到互联网，并且可以从世界任何地方查看摄像机的图像。
