Carbon Claus-Christian, Ditye Thomas
Department of General Psychology and Methodology, University of Bamberg Bamberg, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2012 Jan 24;3:3. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00003. eCollection 2012.
A review on recent experiments on figural face aftereffects reveals that adaptation effects in famous faces can last for hours up to days. Such adaptations seem to be highly reliable regarding test-retest designs as well as regarding the generalizability of adaptation across different adaptation routines and adaptations toward different kinds of facial properties. However, in the studies conducted so far, adaptation and the subsequent test phase were carried out in typical laboratory environments. Under these circumstances, it cannot be ruled out that the observed effects are, in fact, episodic learn-test compatibility effects. To test for ecological validity in adaptation effects we used an adaptation paradigm including environmental and social properties that differed between adaptation and test phase. With matched samples (n1 = n2 = 54) we found no main effects of experimental setting compatibility resulting from varying where the tests where conducted (environmental condition) nor any interaction with effects of stimulus compatibility resulting from varying stimulus similarity between adaptation and test phase using the same picture, different pictures of the same person, or different persons (transfer). This indicates that these adaptation effects are not artificial or merely lab-biased effects. Adaptation to face stimuli may document representational adaptations and tuning mechanisms that integrate new visual input in a very fast, reliable, and sustainable way.
一项关于近期面部图形后效实验的综述表明，对名人面孔的适应效应可持续数小时甚至数天。就重测设计以及适应在不同适应程序间的可推广性和对不同面部特征的适应而言，这种适应似乎高度可靠。然而，在迄今为止所开展的研究中，适应及后续测试阶段均在典型的实验室环境中进行。在这种情况下，不能排除所观察到的效应实际上是情景学习 - 测试兼容性效应。为检验适应效应的生态效度，我们采用了一种适应范式，其中适应阶段和测试阶段在环境和社会属性方面存在差异。在匹配样本（n1 = n2 = 54）的情况下，我们发现测试进行地点的变化（环境条件）所导致的实验设置兼容性没有主效应，并且在使用相同图片、同一个人的不同图片或不同人的情况下，适应阶段和测试阶段之间刺激相似性的变化所导致的刺激兼容性效应也没有任何交互作用（迁移）。这表明这些适应效应并非人为的或仅仅是受实验室偏差影响的效应。对面部刺激的适应可能记录了以非常快速、可靠和可持续的方式整合新视觉输入的表征适应和调整机制。
