Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland.
Int J Environ Health Res. 2012;22(5):431-49. doi: 10.1080/09603123.2011.650156. Epub 2012 Jan 31.
Public health practitioners increasingly agree that it is not enough to provide people with water and sanitation hardware. Numerous approaches are used to tackle the "software" which means to ensure behavior change necessary to come along with the sanitation hardware. A review of these approaches reveals several shortcomings, most importantly that they do not provide behavioral change interventions which correspond to psychological factors to be changed. This article presents a sound psychological model, which postulates that for the formation of new habitual behavior, five blocks of factors must be positive with regard to the new behavior: risk factors, attitudinal factors, normative factors, ability factors, and self-regulation factors. Standardized tools for measuring the factors in face-to-face interviews are presented, and behavioral interventions are provided for each factor block. A statistical analysis method is presented, which allows the determination of the improvement potential of each factor.
公共卫生从业者越来越认为，仅仅提供人们水和卫生设施硬件是不够的。为了解决“软件”问题，即确保卫生设施硬件所需的行为改变，人们采用了许多方法。对这些方法的回顾揭示了几个缺点，最重要的是，它们没有提供与要改变的心理因素相对应的行为改变干预措施。本文提出了一个合理的心理模型，该模型假设，要形成新的习惯性行为，必须在新行为方面对五个因素块产生积极影响：风险因素、态度因素、规范因素、能力因素和自我调节因素。本文还提出了用于面对面访谈中测量这些因素的标准化工具，并针对每个因素块提供了行为干预措施。本文还提出了一种统计分析方法，该方法可以确定每个因素的改进潜力。
