Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section II: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
AMB Express. 2012 Jan 31;2(1):11. doi: 10.1186/2191-0855-2-11.
Optically pure β-amino acids constitute interesting building blocks for peptidomimetics and a great variety of pharmaceutically important compounds. Their efficient synthesis still poses a major challenge. Transaminases (also known as aminotransferases) possess a great potential for the synthesis of optically pure β-amino acids. These pyridoxal 5'-dependent enzymes catalyze the transfer of an amino group from a donor substrate to an acceptor, thus enabling the synthesis of a wide variety of chiral amines and amino acids. Transaminases can be applied either for the kinetic resolution of racemic compounds or the asymmetric synthesis starting from a prochiral substrate. This review gives an overview over microbial transaminases with activity towards β-amino acids and their substrate spectra. It also outlines current strategies for the screening of new biocatalysts. Particular emphasis is placed on activity assays which are applicable to high-throughput screening.
光学纯β-氨基酸是构成肽模拟物和各种重要药物化合物的有趣构建模块。它们的高效合成仍然是一个主要挑战。转氨酶（也称为氨基转移酶）在光学纯β-氨基酸的合成方面具有巨大的潜力。这些依赖吡哆醛 5'-的酶催化从供体底物向受体转移氨基基团，从而能够合成各种手性胺和氨基酸。转氨酶可用于对映体化合物的动力学拆分或从前手性底物进行不对称合成。本综述概述了具有β-氨基酸活性的微生物转氨酶及其底物谱。它还概述了筛选新生物催化剂的当前策略。特别强调适用于高通量筛选的活性测定。
