Institute of Psychology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
Med Sci Monit. 2012 Feb;18(2):CR119-124. doi: 10.12659/msm.882467.
Psychopathy is a notion that has been difficult to define. The operational definition of psychopathy by Hare is one of the most commonly used in psychology and it is usually identified with the scale used to measure this type of personality, which is the Psychopathy Checklist - Revision (PCL-R). PCL-R is composed of two factors: Factor 1 describes a constellation of psychopathic traits considered by many clinicians to be basic for this type of personality, and Factor 2 describes types of behaviour indicating impulsiveness, lack of stability and antisocial lifestyle. The aim of the research was to verify a hypothesis that people with psychopathic personality disorders are characterised by high self-esteem, unconstructive strategies of planning actions and non-adaptive styles of coping with stress.
MATERIAL/METHODS: The group of participants included 30 people at the age of 22-36 convicted with a legally binding sentence. Methods were: 1. The Psychopathy Checklist-Revision (PCL-R); 2. Antisocial Personality Questionnaire (APQ); 3. Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS); 4. Generalised Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES).
The participants were diagnosed as psychopaths (PCL-R), and more specifically - as primary psychopaths (APQ). They revealed a grandiose sense of self-worth, increased self-control, impulsive style of functioning, perceived high self-efficacy (which might be considered as a defence mechanism). Psychopaths prefer a coping style focused on emotions and avoidance.
The hypothesis was confirmed, that people with psychopathic personality disorders are characterised by high self-esteem, unconstructive strategies of planning actions and non-adaptive styles of coping with stress.
精神病态是一个难以定义的概念。 Hare 提出的精神病态的操作性定义是心理学中最常用的定义之一，通常与用于衡量这种人格类型的量表联系在一起，即精神病态检查表修订版（PCL-R）。PCL-R 由两个因素组成：因素 1 描述了许多临床医生认为是这种人格类型基本特征的一系列精神病态特征，而因素 2 描述了表明冲动、缺乏稳定性和反社会生活方式的行为类型。本研究的目的是验证一个假设，即具有精神病态人格障碍的人具有高自尊、行动规划的非建设性策略和非适应性压力应对方式。
材料/方法： 参与者包括 30 名年龄在 22-36 岁之间的被判有法律约束力的罪犯。方法是：1. 精神病态检查表修订版（PCL-R）；2. 反社会人格问卷（APQ）；3. 应对压力情况的应对策略量表（CISS）；4. 一般自我效能感量表（GSES）。
参与者被诊断为精神病态者（PCL-R），更具体地说是原发性精神病态者（APQ）。他们表现出夸大的自我价值感、增强的自我控制、冲动的功能运作方式、感知到的高自我效能感（这可能被视为一种防御机制）。精神病态者更喜欢关注情绪和回避的应对方式。
假设得到证实，即具有精神病态人格障碍的人具有高自尊、行动规划的非建设性策略和非适应性压力应对方式。
